Table 2 Characteristics of persons with and without pneumonia in AD and non-AD cohorts
From: Risk factors of pneumonia in persons with and without Alzheimer’s disease: a matched cohort study
Variable | AD cohort n = 69,350 | Non-AD cohort n = 69,350 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident pneumonia n = 17,105 | No incident pneumonia n = 52,245 | P | Incident pneumonia n = 10,967 | No incident pneumonia n = 58,383 | P | |
Age, mean (years) | 80.6 | 79.9 | < 0.0001 | 82.4 | 79.6 | < 0.0001 |
Gender, n (%) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Men | 8290 (48.5) | 15,924 (30.5) | 4763 (43.4) | 19,451 (33.3) | ||
Women | 8815 (51.5) | 36,321 (69.5) | 6204 (56.6) | 38,932 (66.7) | ||
Socioeconomic position, n (%) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Managerial/professional | 3247 (19.0) | 11,155 (21.4) | 1801 (16.4) | 12,875 (22.1) | ||
Office | 1133 (6.6) | 4707 (9.0) | 727 (6.6) | 5029 (8.6) | ||
Farming/forestry | 3688 (21.6) | 9503 (18.2) | 2753 (25.1) | 11,057 (18.9) | ||
Sales/industrial/cleaning | 7525 (44.0) | 22,033 (42.2) | 4417 (40.3) | 22,651 (38.8) | ||
Other | 1512 (8.8) | 4847 (9.3) | 1269 (11.6) | 6771 (11.6) | ||
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
Asthma/COPD | 2086 (12.2) | 3956 (7.6) | < 0.0001 | 1664 (15.2) | 4668 (8.0) | < 0.0001 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 599 (3.5) | 1486 (2.8) | < 0.0001 | 450 (4.1) | 1581 (2.7) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 9056 (52.9) | 26,192 (50.1) | < 0.0001 | 6419 (58.5) | 27,914 (47.8) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes | 2482 (14.5) | 6723 (12.9) | < 0.0001 | 1560 (14.2) | 6443 (11.0) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke | 1919 (11.2) | 4787 (9.2) | < 0.0001 | 1437 (13.1) | 4373 (7.5) | < 0.0001 |
Liver or kidney disease | 416 (2.4) | 1162 (2.2) | 0.114 | 334 (3.0) | 1149 (2.0) | < 0.0001 |
Drug use, n (%) CNS drugs | ||||||
Benzodiazepines and related drugs | 4920 (28.8) | 14,007 (26.8) | < 0.0001 | 3631 (33.1) | 14,634 (25.1) | < 0.0001 |
Antidepressants | 3948 (23.1) | 12,181 (23.3) | 0.53 | 1583 (14.4) | 5713 (9.8) | < 0.0001 |
Antipsychotics | 2015 (11.8) | 5300 (10.1) | < 0.0001 | 601 (5.5) | 1789 (3.1) | < 0.0001 |
Antiepileptics | 1228 (7.2) | 2361 (5.0) | < 0.0001 | 787 (7.2) | 2405 (4.1) | < 0.0001 |
Opioids | 1487 (8.7) | 4028 (7.7) | < 0.0001 | 1183 (10.8) | 4852 (8.3) | < 0.0001 |
Other drugs, n(%) | ||||||
Biological products | 269 (1.6) | 782 (1.5) | 0.48 | 230 (2.1) | 1037 (1.8) | 0.021 |
Oral glucocorticoids | 39 (0.2) | 72 (0.1) | 0.010 | 25 (0.2) | 67 (0.1) | < 0.003 |
Proton pump inhibitors | 3659 (21.4) | 10,024 (19.2) | < 0.0001 | 2820 (25.7) | 11,183 (19.2) | < 0.0001 |