Table 1 Description of the study sample

Age, mean,years (95% CI)

80.08 (80.03–80.13)

80.04 (79.99–80.09)

0.289

Gender, n (%)

matched

 Men

24,214 (34.9)

24,214 (34.9)

 Women

45,136 (65.1)

45,136 (65.1)

Pneumonia

 Previous hospital-treated pneumonia, n (%)

5983 (8.6)

5126 (7.4)

< 0.0001

 Incident pneumonia

17,105 (25.0)

10,966 (15.8)

< 0.0001

 Time from AD diagnosis/index date until first pneumonia (median, d, IQR)

1023 (491–1635)

1091 (499–1810)

< 0.0001

 Hospital days due to pneumonia (median, d, IQR)

11 (6–25)

11 (6–23)

0.018

 Number of hospital stays due to pneumonia (median, IQR)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.685

Socioeconomic position, n (%)

< 0.0001

 Managerial/professional

14,402 (20.8)

14,676 (21.2)

 Office

5840 (8.4)

5756 (8.3)

 Farming/forestry

13,191 (19.0)

13,810 (19.9)

 Sales/industrial/cleaning

29,558 (42.6)

27,068 (39.0)

 Other

6359 (9.2)

8040 (11.6)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Asthma/COPD

6042 (8.7)

6332 (9.1)

0.006

 Rheumatoid arthritis

2085 (3.0)

2031 (2.9)

0.393

 Cardiovascular disease

35,428 (50.8)

34,333 (49.5)

< 0.0001

 Diabetes

9205 (13.3)

8003 (11.5)

< 0.0001

 Stroke

6706 (9.7)

5810 (8.4)

< 0.0001

 Liver or kidney disease

1578 (2.3)

1483 (2.1)

0.083

Drug use, n (%) CNS-drugs

 Benzodiazepines and related drugs

18,927 (27.3)

18,265 (26.3)

< 0.0001

 Antidepressant

16,129 (23.3)

7269 (10.5)

< 0.0001

 Antipsychotic

7315 (10.6)

2390 (3.5)

< 0.0001

 Antiepileptic

3859 (5.6)

3192 (4.6)

< 0.0001

 Opioid

5515 (8.0)

6035 (8.7)

< 0.0001

Others

 Biological products

1051 (1.5)

1267 (1.8)

< 0.0001

 Oral glucocorticoid

111 (0.2)

92 (0.1)

0.18

 Proton pump inhibitor

13,683 (19.7)

14,003 (20.2)

0.032