Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for sarcopenia and its diagnostic parameters across DII quartile categories

Sarcopenia

 Model 1

1

0.992 (0.414, 2.376)

1.952 (0.894, 4.260)

2.187 (1.013, 4.722)^*

0.015

 Model 2

1

0.789 (0.302, 2.065)

2.089 (0.883, 4.943)

2.618 (1.111, 6.169)^*

0.003

 Model 3

1

0.829 (0.301, 2.281)

2.582 (1.000, 6.669)^*

3.339 (1.232, 9.052)^*

0.004

Low muscle mass (ASMI)

 Model 1

1

1.245 (0.641, 2.418)

1.590 (0.837, 3.023)

1.972 (1.053, 3.694)^*

0.023

 Model 2

1

1.163 (0.530, 2.550)

2.005 (0.931, 4.321)

2.961 (1.384, 6.334)^*

0.002

 Model 3

1

1.181 (0.522, 2.675)

2.131(0.923, 4.917)

3.055 (1.275, 7.318)^*

0.005

Low muscle strength (handgrip strength)

 Model 1

1

0.990 (0.555, 1.764)

1.033 (0.582, 1.836)

1.169 (0.664, 2.060)

0.572

 Model 2

1

0.963 (0.530, 1.751)

1.066 (0.589, 1.928)

1.248 (0.696, 2.240)

0.413

 Model 3

1

0.965 (0.522, 1.782)

1.070 (0.571, 2.006)

1.210 (0.629, 2.329)

0.529

Low muscle performance (SPPB)

 Model 1

1

1.295 (0.564, 2.971)

1.837 (0.836, 4.035)

1.295 (0.564, 2.971)

0.410

 Model 2

1

1.380 (0.587, 3.246)

1.870 (0.829, 4.216)

1.394 (0.593, 3.276)

0.120

 Model 3

1

1.332 (0.559, 3.175)

1.831 (0.783, 4.278)

1.355 (0.538, 3.413)

0.352

Low muscle performance (6 m walk test)

 Model 1

1

1.811 (0.905, 3.622)

1.635 (0.810, 3.300)

2.185 (1.108, 4.308)^*

0.040

 Model 2

1

1.759 (0.862, 3.588)

1.510 (0.730, 3.125)

2.154 (1.067, 4.350)^*

0.044

 Model 3

1

1.864 (0.895, 3.880)

1.718 (0.798, 3.696)

2.392 (1.104, 5.185)^*

0.042

Low muscle performance (5-times sit-stand chair test)

 Model 1

1

3.086 (1.175, 8.104)^*

2.279 (0.838, 6.195)

3.954 (1.539, 10.157)^*

0.010

 Model 2

1

2.935 (1.107, 7.778)^*

2.143 (0.781, 5.881)

3.817 (1.474, 9.889)^*

0.013

 Model 3

1

3.321 (1.216, 9.068)^*

2.644 (0.917, 7.628)

4.942 (1.745, 13.993)^*

0.005