Factors facilitating and inhibiting the social participation of the elderly in health-oriented activities in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted relationship between SP of elderly and the study variables

Variables		N	Mean ± SD	Unadjusted P-value	Adjusted P-value
Gender	Male	409	23.20 ± 9.32	< 0.001	0.436
Gender	Female	203	26.43 ± 9.40	< 0.001	0.436
Chronic Disease	Yes	349	21.97 ± 7.08	< 0.001	0.522
Chronic Disease	No	263	27.33 ± 11.22	< 0.001	0.522
Hospital admission	Yes	195	21.96 ± 5.43	< 0.001	0.098
Hospital admission	No	417	25.35 ± 10.69	< 0.001	0.098
Access-related barriers	Yes	124	29.54 ± 10.35	< 0.001	0.054
Access-related barriers	No	488	22.94 ± 8.75	< 0.001	0.054
Health-related barriers	Yes	270	24.61 ± 9.48	0.723	---
Health-related barriers	No	342	24.01 ± 9.46	0.723	---
Personal barriers	Yes	366	24.58 ± 9.71	0.327	---
Personal barriers	No	246	23.82 ± 9.09	0.327	---
Other barriers	Yes	203	24.00 ± 9.64	0.535	---
Other barriers	No	409	24.41 ± 9.39	0.535	---
Cost barriers	Yes	391	20.28 ± 6.26	< 0.001	< 0.001
Cost barriers	No	221	31.33 ± 10.06	< 0.001	< 0.001
Physician consultation	Yes	232	30.33 ± 9.31	< 0.001	< 0.001
Physician consultation	No	380	20.58 ± 7.54	< 0.001	< 0.001
Age	< 69	452	25.42 ± 9.81	< 0.001	< 0.001
	70–79	96	25.21 ± 7.08
	> 80	64	14.75 ± 0.97
Marital status	Single	52	36.76 ± 5.49	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Divorce	55	24.47 ± 9.87
	Widowed	152	19.49 ± 6.29
	Married	353	24.46 ± 9.29
Income level	Very low	17	18.00 ± 1.65	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Low	258	17.72 ± 1.84
	Medium	205	25.88 ± 8.25
	High	48	25.43 ± 8.73
	Very high	84	41.08 ± 1.97
Education level	Illiterate	85	16.43 ± 2.54	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Basic	237	18.00 ± 2.16
	Under HS	126	26.03 ± 8.25
	High school	85	31.44 ± 5.81
	Collage	79	41.02 ± 2.02

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