Table 3 Prevalence of IADL disability and its trend over time among older adults in Korea

All participants

10.67

10.61

18.18

25.57

14.90

< 0.05

Demographics

Gender

Male

12.46

12.75

18.05

25.07

12.61

< 0.05

Female

9.46

9.18

18.26

25.91

16.45

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.05

< 0.01

0.452

0.324

Age in years

65–79

6.75

6.26

11.66

14.36

7.61

0.062

60–74

10.72

10.72

17.42

28.31

17.59

< 0.05

75 or older

20.18

21.08

35.54

48.19

28.01

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Living arrangement

With relatives

10.62

10.54

17.10

23.73

13.11

0.052

Living alone

10.80

10.80

21.17

30.67

19.87

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

0.813

0.867

< 0.05

< 0.01

Educational status

Elementary school or lower

10.97

10.46

19.41

28.02

17.05

0.061

Middle school

11.44

10.45

16.42

19.90

8.46

0.073

High school

8.87

10.89

15.32

20.16

11.29

< 0.01

College or higher

10.00

11.82

14.55

21.82

11.82

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

0.384

0.487

0.133

< 0.01

Health parameters

Body mass index

Normal

5.45

5.45

23.64

27.27

21.82

< 0.05

Underweight

9.91

10.41

18.82

27.10

17.19

< 0.01

Overweight

11.53

10.74

15.11

20.68

9.15

0.053

Obese

11.83

11.57

20.05

28.53

16.70

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

0.193

0.291

< 0.05

< 0.01

Self-rated health

Good

8.02

7.76

13.60

20.58

12.56

0.061

Bad

15.75

16.08

26.97

35.18

19.43

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Difficulty in daily activities related to body pain

No

8.24

8.92

15.46

22.68

14.44

< 0.05

Yes

15.70

14.11

23.81

31.57

15.87

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Physical activity

Yes

9.26

9.11

17.58

23.55

14.29

< 0.05

No

11.47

11.47

18.52

26.74

15.27

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.05

< 0.05

0.213

< 0.05

Depression status

No

10.50

10.62

17.99

25.48

14.98

< 0.05

Yes

13.04

10.43

20.87

26.96

13.92

0.063

P-diff^‡

0.146

0.475

0.069

0.262

Cognitive function

Normal

8.25

8.25

14.14

20.72

12.47

< 0.05

Cognitive decline

11.46

11.24

21.80

31.01

19.55

0.051

Dementia

25.62

25.62

36.88

45.00

19.38

< 0.05

P-diff^‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Number of chronic diseases

0

7.22

7.22

14.44

22.92

15.70

0.051

1

11.00

10.36

16.18

25.89

14.89

0.051

2

11.94

13.53

20.95

25.73

13.79

< 0.05

≥ 3

16.92

15.38

29.74

31.79

14.87

0.052

P-diff^‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.01