Table 2 Comparison of health status at enrollment between the intervention group and the usual care group

1. How is your current health?

Good : 5, Fairly good : 4, Normal : 3, Not very good : 2, Not good : 1

3.50 ± 1.05

5.50 ± 0.98

2. Are you happy with your daily life?

Satisfaction:5, Slightly satisfied:4, Slightly dissatisfied:3, Dissatisfied: 2

4.31 ± 0.79

4.04 ± 0.69

3. Do you eat three meals a day properly? Yes:1, No:0

0.89 ± 0.32

0.79 ± 0.41

4. Did you find it harder to eat hard foods than it was six months ago?　 Yes:0, No:1

0.56 ± 0.50

0.75 ± 0.44

5. Do you sometimes cough when drinking tea or soup? Yes:1, No:0

0.73 ± 0.45

0.75 ± 0.44

6. Did you lose more than 2–3 kg in 6 months? Yes:1, No:0

0.82 ± 0.39

0.96 ± 0.20

7. Do you think you walk slower than before? Yes:1, No:0

0.44 ± 0.50

0.54 ± 0.51

8. Have you ever fallen in the last year? Yes:1, No:0

0.80 ± 0.41

0.70 ± 0.47

9. Do you do exercise such as walking at least once a week? Yes:1, No:0

0.67 ± 0.47

0.57 ± 0.51

10. Are you told by people around you that you have something to forget, such as “always hear the same thing”?

0.91 ± 0.29

0.79 ± 0.41

Yes:0, No:1

11. Do you sometimes forget what month or day it is today? Yes:0, No:1

0.74 ± 0.44

0.58 ± 0.50

Smoking

8.70%

16.70%

12. Do you smoke?

Not smoking

63.00%

58.30%

Stopped

28.30%

25.00%

13. Do you go out at least once a week? Yes:1, No:0

0.89 ± 0.32

0.92 ± 0.28

14. Do you interact with family or friends on a daily basis? Yes:1, No:0

0.89 ± 0.31

0.88 ± 0.34

15. Do you have someone close to you when you feel sick? Yes:1, No:0

0.91 ± 0.28

0.88 ± 0.34