Table 2 Forms of Communication Mean Difference
From: Older adult communication types and emotional well-being outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic
Variable | N | Range | M (SD) | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ICT | ||||
Before COVID | 2514 | 1–5 | 3.15 (0.92) | 3.30*** |
During COVID | 2438 | 1–5 | 3.11 (0.95) | |
In-person social contact | ||||
Before COVID | 2480 | 1–5 | 3.00 (1.16) | 23.84*** |
During COVID | 2359 | 1–5 | 2.49 (1.14) | |
Change (During – Before) | ||||
ICT | 2411 | 0–4 | 0.32 (0.47) | |
In-person social contact | 2333 | 0–4 | 0.72 (0.93) | |
Forms of communication (Mean) | ||||
Before COVID | 2533 | 1–5 | 3.11 (0.82) | 14.27*** |
During COVID | 2457 | 1–5 | 2.96 (0.82) |