Table 4 Estimated Odds Ratios of Association between Risky Behaviours and chronic conditions (n = 19,561)
BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS | Model I | Model II | Model III |
|---|---|---|---|
OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | |
Countries | |||
China | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
India | 1.17 [0.96,1.43] | 1.11 [0.91,1.35] | 0.84 [0.70,1.02] |
Mexico | 1.04 [0.81,1.33] | 1.07 [0.84,1.37] | 1.27 [1.00,1.62]* |
Russian Federation | 0.23 [0.20,0.26] *** | 0.24 [0.21,0.27] *** | 0.30 [0.27,0.35] *** |
South Africa | 1.12 [0.91,1.37] | 1.26 [1.02,1.55] | 1.35 [1.11,1.65] ** |
Ghana | 2.94 [2.28,3.78] *** | 2.99 [2.32,3.86] *** | 2.27 [1.77,2.92] *** |
PRIMARY FACTORS | |||
Risk behaviours | |||
Tobacco use | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.91 [0.83,1.00]* | 1.13 [1.01,1.25]* | |
Alcohol use | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1.05 [0.96,1.16] | 1.17 [1.06,1.29]** | |
Physical activity | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.70 [0.64,0.76] *** | 0.81 [0.75,0.89]*** | |
CONFOUNDING FACTORS | |||
Individual level factors | |||
Place of residence | |||
Urban | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 1.31 [1.16,1.49] *** | ||
Sex | |||
Male | 1.00 | ||
Female | 0.88 [0.69,0.95] *** | ||
Age | |||
50–64 | 1.00 | ||
65–74 | 0.56 [0.51,0.62] *** | ||
75–84 | 0.40 [0.35,0.45] *** | ||
85+ | 1.70 [1.29,2.25] * | ||
Work status | |||
Working | 1.00 | ||
Not Working | 0.52 [0.47,0.58] *** | ||
Income | |||
Lowest | 1.00 | ||
Low | 0.88 [0.76,1.02] | ||
Moderate | 0.83 [0.72,0.96] * | ||
High | 0.89 [0.77,1.03] | ||
Highest | 0.95 [0.82,1.10] | ||
Variance of the random Effects [SE] | |||
Community | 0.3132 [0.02]**, | 0.311 [0.02]** | 0.205 [0.01]**, |
% ∆ in random effect | 4.38 | -0.68 | -0.35 |
Community | |||
Deviance | 17045.7 | 16975.9 | 16194.4 |
AIC | 17059.7 | 16995.9 | 16240.4 |