Opioid prescribing among aged care residents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis using general practice health records in Australia

Table 3 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between demographic characteristics and opioid prescribing status in 2019–2020, March to December

Characteristics	Prescribed any opioids^a	Model 1^c	Model 2 ^d	Characteristics	Opioid doses (OME > 50 mg/day)^b	Model 1^c	Model 2 ^d
	(%)				(%)
Year				Year
2019	21.8	Ref	Ref	2019	13.3	Ref	Ref
2020	27.0	1.46 (1.40, 1.52)	1.50 (1.44, 1.56)	2020	14.3	1.26 (1.13, 1.39)	1.29 (1.15, 1.46)
Age group (years)				Age group (years)
65—69	21.6	Ref	Ref	65—69	21.3	Ref	Ref
70—74	22.7	1.10 (0.88, 1.36)	1.14 (0.92, 1.42)	70—74	26.2	1.09 (0.68, 1.72)	1.05 (0.66, 1.66)
75—79	24.0	1.15 (0.94, 1.41)	1.20 (0.98, 1.47)	75—79	21.7	1.01 (0.65, 1.58)	0.94 (0.61, 1.45)
80—84	22.9	1.06 (0.88, 1.28)	1.10 (0.90, 1.33)	80—84	16.7	0.75 (0.49, 1.16)	0.73 (0.48, 1.12)
85 +	25.5	1.17 (0.98, 1.40)	1.20 (1.00, 1.44)	85 +	10.7	0.52 (0.35, 0.77)	0.51 (0.34, 0.76)
Sex				Sex
Female	26.4	Ref	Ref	Female	13.5	Ref	Ref
Male	20.7	0.82 (0.77, 0.88)	0.81 (0.76, 0 .87)	Male	15.0	1.10 (0.93, 1.31)	1.01 (0.84, 1.21)
Regionality				Regionality
Metropolitan	23.8	Ref	Ref	Metropolitan	13.0	Ref	Ref
Regional	25.9	1.17 (1.09, 1.26)	1.37 (1.26, 1.49)	Regional	16.6	1.48 (1.24, 1.77)	1.40 (1.14, 1.71)
State
NSW	34.8	Ref	Ref	NSW	13.8	Ref	Ref
Victoria	21.5	0.51 (0.47, 0.54)	0.48 (0.45, 0.52)	Victoria	14.0	1.38 (1.15, 1.66)	1.31 (1.08, 1.60)

^aAnalysis was based on 74,104 records, including residents with any medication records per month
^bAnalysis was based on 16,984 records, including residents with any opioid medication records per month
^cModel 1, a univariate model without adjusting for any other covariates
^dModel 2, a multivariate model including Year (2019, 2020), Month (March to December), age group (65–69 y, 70–74 y, 75–79 y, 80–84 y, and 85 y +), sex (female, male), SES (low, middle, high), regionality (metropolitan and regional areas), state (New South Wales, NSW; Victoria)

ISSN: 1471-2318