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Table 1 Characteristics of the cognitively normal and cognitively impaired groups

From: Physical activity levels in cognitively normal and cognitively impaired oldest-old and the association with dementia risk factors: a pilot study

 

Total

Cognitively normal

Cognitively impaired

P-value between groups

 

N

M (SD) / n (%)

N

M (SD) / n(%)

N

M (SD) / n (%)

Clinical characteristics

Age, y

61

92.3 (2.0)

49

92.5 (1.8)

12

91.7 (2.6)

p = 0.24

Female, n(%)

61

30 (49%)

49

22 (45%)

12

8 (67%)

p = 0.30

Education, y

61

13.3 (5.1)

49

13.3 (5.0)

12

13.2 (5.6)

p = 0.86

Lives independently, n(%)

61

56 (92%)

49

46 (94%)

12

10 (83%)

p = 0.54

Amyloid positive, n(%)

49

22 (45%)

40

16 (40%)

9

6 (67%)

p = 0.28

MMSE

61

27.7 (2.6)

49

28.6 (1.3)

12

23.9 (3.1)

p < 0.001***

Amsterdam IADL

38

57.4 (10.7)

31

60.5 (7.3)

7

43.4 (12.7)

p = 0.002**

Comorbidity, CIRS-G

60

8.6 (3.6)

48

8.3 (3.6)

12

9.4 (3.6)

p = 0.36

Physical activity

Total worn, h

61

162.5 (6.6)

49

162.1 (6.7)

12

164.2 (6.2)

P = 0.49

Total active, h

61

5.0 (3.0)

49

5.3 (3.1)

12

3.9 (2.5)

p = 0.12

Total sedentary, h

61

141.1 (9.1)

49

140.7 (9.4)

12

142.7 (7.8)

p = 0.40

Number of sitting bouts

61

729.4 (335.9)

49

741.1 (355.4)

12

681.5 (247.1)

p = 0.30

Maximum walking bout duration, min

61

6.3 (7.2)

49

6.7 (7.9)

12

4.5 (2.9)

p = 0.40

MI moving, mg

61

147.3 (26.2)

49

149.6 (26.5)

12

137.9 (24.0)

p = 0.03*

Physical parameters

Handgrip strength, kg

60

16.9 (7.6)

48

18.2 (7.8)

12

11.4 (4.0)

p = 0.004**

Muscle mass index, kg/m2

56

9.2 (1.1)

45

9.3 (1.0)

11

8.6 (1.1)

p = 0.09

SPPB, points

60

8.0 (2.6)

48

8.3 (2.7)

12

6.7 (1.8)

p = 0.04*

Nutritional status

MNA, points

60

12.8 (1.5)

49

12.9 (1.5)

11

12.3 (1.3)

p = 0.15

BMI, kg/m2

61

25.7 (3.5)

49

25.7 (3.6)

12

25.6 (3.2)

p = 0.92

Brain pathology biomarkers

WMH volume, %ICV

51

1.35 (0.96)

41

1.26 (0.91)

10

1.68 (1.14)

p = 0.26

Hippocampal volume, %ICV

52

0.19 (0.03)

42

0.20 (0.03)

10

0.17 (0.04)

p = 0.06

Amyloid load

44

0.33 (0.29)

35

0.31 (0.30)

9

0.41 (0.21)

P = 0.18

  1. Note. The N-columns display the number of participants for which the data is available. Total duration variables are given as the total duration during the 7-day data collection. MI moving gives the average body acceleration over all moving periods during the 7-day data collection. Lives independently means that that participant lives not in a nursing home or hospital. Group comparisons from the demographic variables are tested with t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while the physical activity variables are tested with regression models adjusted for age and sex. Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; CIRS-G, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale – Geriatrics; ICV, intracranial volume; MI, Movement Intensity; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MNA, Mini-Nutritional Assessment; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; WMH, White Matter Hyperintensities; kg, kilograms; m, meter; h, hour; mg, milli-body acceleration (m/s2 *10− 3); y, years. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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