Table 1 Core dataset criteria and guidance for scoring/ completion

Demographics

• Age

• Gender

• Ethnicity

• Place of residence

• Socioeconomic status

Ethnicity:

UK census categories: https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/ethnic-groups

Socioeconomic status:

England – English indices of deprivation: https://imd-by-postcode.opendatacommunities.org/imd/2019

Scotland – Scottish index of multiple deprivation: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-index-of-multiple-deprivation-2020v2-postcode-look-up/

Wales – Welsh index of multiple deprivation: https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Community-Safety-and-Social-Inclusion/Welsh-Index-of-Multiple-Deprivation

Northern Ireland – Northern Ireland multiple deprivation measure https://deprivation.nisra.gov.uk/

Morbidities

• Dementia

• Stroke

• Ischaemic Heart Disease

• Diabetes Mellitus

• Cancer

• Congestive cardiac failure

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Parkinsonian syndromes

• Hypertension

• Depression

Multi-morbidity should be recorded as a count of morbidities present out of those specified. Individual morbidities should be recorded separately as binary variables.

Specific morbidity guidance:

Dementia – known diagnosis

Stroke – any previous clinically symptomatic disease (not including transient ischaemic attacks)

Cancer – active disease or treated disease within the last five years

Congestive cardiac failure – symptomatic heart failure (e.g. requiring diuretic medication) of any cause, including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Medication count

This should be recorded as a whole integer for total number of medications prescribed.

• All regular medication should be included regardless of compliance

• Medications with multiple active ingredients should count as one drug (provided they are administered as a single tablet, inhalation etc)

• As required medications should be included within count if prescribed

• Inhalers, topical treatments, patches, and eye drops prescribed with therapeutic pharmacological intent should be included

• Emollients and lubricating eye drops should not be included

• Vitamins prescribed with therapeutic intent for deficiency replacement should be included (e.g. iron, vitamin B12)

• Nutritional supplements (e.g. supplement drinks) should not be included

• Over the counter medication taken for therapeutic intent (e.g. antihistamines) should be included

Functional ability

Basic ADLs:

Barthel Index

Instrumental ADLs:

Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living

The score for each should be included within the dataset. Raw responses should be maintained locally.

Nottingham EADLs specifically asks about activities actually conducted.

Frailty assessment

Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)

Clinical Frailty Scale 2.0 (ordinal scale 1 to 9) – this should be assessed as part of a holistic assessment. For acute hospital admissions, this should be assessed considering their overall function/health two weeks prior to admission.

Cognition

Hospital setting:

Screen for delirium using 4AT +/− DSM-5. Consider IQCODE

Community setting:

Prospective objective cognitive assessment

We do not make any specific recommendations on the tool to use for prospective cognitive assessment. Options may include:

• MMSE

• MoCA

• Mini-ACE

• ACE-III

• Stroop test

Record the outcome of the test (e.g. probable cognitive impairment vs no cognitive impairment), the raw total score, and assessment used.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)

We recommend that all studies should include some form of PROMs.

We make no specific recommendations on which tools to use. Options may include:

• Eq. 5D

• SF-36

• PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10

• PROCOG