Economic outcomes associated with diagnosed behavioral symptoms among patients with dementia in the United States: a health care claims database analysis

Table 2 Comparison of HCRU and costs between patients with and without diagnosed behavioral symptoms 12-month post-dementia diagnosis using multivariate regression models

HCRU component	OR [95% CI] for counts ≥ 0	IRR [95% CI]^a	Cost component	OR [95% CI] for costs ≥ 0	IRR [95% CI]^a
Inpatient days of stay	3.31 [3.16, 3.46]	1.48 [1.42, 1.56]	Inpatient	3.31 [3.16, 3.46]	1.24 [1.21, 1.27]
Inpatient visits	3.31 [3.16, 3.46]	1.13 [1.11, 1.16]	ER	2.75 [2.63, 2.89]	1.23 [1.20, 1.27]
ER visits	2.76 [2.63, 2.89]	1.33 [1.30, 1.35]	Physician office	0.95 [0.91, 1.00]	0.89 [0.85, 0.92]
Physician office visits	0.95 [0.91, 1.00]	0.94 [0.92,0.97])	Outpatient	One-part model	1.19 [1.17, 1.22]
Outpatient visits	One-part model	1.35 [1.33, 1.37]	Other medical claims b	One-part model	2.02 [1.93, 2.12]
Other medical claims b	One-part model	1.90 [1.85, 1.96]	Pharmacy	One-part model	0.97 [0.94, 1.00]
Pharmacy visits	One-part model	1.10 [1.08, 1.11]	Total	One-part model	1.75 [1.72, 1.79]

OR and IRR are for patients with diagnosed behavioral symptoms relative to those without diagnosed behavioral symptoms
ASH Anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic, CI Confidence interval, IRR Incidence rate ratio, OR Odds ratio
^aFor the one-part models, the IRR reflects the outcomes in all patients as opposed to only those with an outcome value above zero. In each model, the baseline covariates included were age group, index year, gender, insurance plan type, region of residence, urbanicity, use of antidepressants, use of antipsychotics, use of ASH/benzodiazepines, use of ASH not elsewhere classified, the Elixhauser Index Score, and institutionalization, as well as the each of the following comorbidities: hypertension, diabetes, cancer, anemia, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic pulmonary disease, renal failure, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and depression
^bOther medical claims combine hospice-related visits and claims classified as “other outpatient service”

ISSN: 1471-2318