Table 1 Characteristics of the study samples

Age(years), mean (SD)

64.9(9.1)

64.7(8.9)

65.1(9.1)

0.226^a

Female, n (%)

1460(61.3)

544(65.4)

916(59.1)

0.003^b

Marital status, n (%)

0.302^b

 Married

1914(80.4)

659(79.2)

1255(81.0)

 Single/divorced/separated/widowed

468(19.6)

173(20.8)

295(19.0)

Live arrangement, n (%)

0.808^b

 Live alone

318(13.3)

719(86.4)

1345(86.8)

 Live with others

2066(86.7)

113(13.6)

205(13.2)

Education, n (%)

0.004^b

 Less than primary school

1406(59.0)

459(55.2)

947(61.1)

 Junior high school

649(27.3)

235(28.2)

414(26.7)

 Senior high school and above

327(13.7)

138(16.6)

189(12.2)

Location, n (%)

 < 0.001^b

 Rural

1446(60.7)

447(53.7)

999(64.5)

 Urban

936(39.3)

385(46.3)

551(35.3)

Smoking status, n (%)

0.493^b

 Current/former smoker

601(25.3)

203(24.4)

398(25.7)

 Never

1781(74.7)

629(75.6)

1152(74.3)

Alcohol intake, n (%)

0.005^b

 Yes

496(79.2)

147(17.7)

349(22.5)

 No

1886(20.8)

685(82.3)

1201(77.5)

Diabetes, n (%)

386(16.2)

58(7.0)

328(21.2)

 < 0.001^b

Cardiovascular diseases, n (%)

498(20.9)

196(23.6)

302(19.5)

0.02^b

No. of comorbidities, n (%)

0.831^b

 0–1

2065(86.7)

719(86.4)

1346(86.8)

 2–3

295(12.4)

104(12.5)

191(12.3)

  ≥ 4

22(0.9)

9(1.1)

13(0.8)

Self-rated health status,n (%)

 < 0.001^b

 Very poor/poor/fair

1181(49.5)

366(44.0)

815(52.6)

 Good/excellent

1201(50.4)

466(56.0)

735(47.4)

Hypertension duration(years), mean(SD)

10.8(8.4)

10.4(8.4)

11.1(8.3)

0.053^a

Relative deprivation, median (P₂₅,P₇₅)

0.46(0.21,0.68)

0.41(0.18,0.65)

0.47(0.22,0.69)

0.001^c

Depressive symptoms, mean (SD)

3.33(4.0)

3.13(3.9)

4.13(4.5)

 < 0.001^a

Non-adherence, n (%)

1081(45.4)

137(16.5)

944(61.0)

 < 0.001^b