Frailty and its combined effects with lifestyle factors on cognitive function: a cross-sectional study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Associations of frailty with cognitive function among the study participants

Frailty	Events/n	MMSE score		Cognitive impairment
Frailty	Events/n	β (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
*Model 1*
Frailty status ^a
Robust	293/2580	reference		reference
Frail	105/669	-0.56 (-0.86, -0.27)	< 0.001	1.30 (1.02, 1.66)	0.034
FI ^b	398/3279	-0.36 (-0.51, -0.20)	< 0.001	1.20 (1.05, 1.36)	0.007
*Model 2*
Frailty status ^a
Robust	293/2580	reference		reference
Frail	105/669	-0.49 (-0.76, -0.21)	0.001	1.29 (1.00, 1.65)	0.045
FI ^b	398/3279	-0.28 (-0.43, -0.13)	< 0.001	1.19 (1.04, 1.35)	0.011

Abbreviations: FI Frailty index, MMSE Mini-mental state examination
Model 1: adjusted for age (≤ 60, 61–70, 71–80, > 80), gender; Model 2: further adjusted for marriage status, education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and regular physical exercise
^aRobust: frailty index < 0.15; Frail: frailty index ≥ 0.15; ^bPer 0.1 increased in frailty index

ISSN: 1471-2318