Table 2 Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of participants based on sarcopenia and central obesity status

ASM (kg)^b

16.7 ± 0.1

17.8 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

14.1 ± 0.1

14.7 ± 0.1

0.005

 < 0.001

ASM/height² (kg/m²)^b

6.74 ± 0.02

7.05 ± 0.03

 < 0.001

5.71 ± 0.02

5.80 ± 0.04

0.084

 < 0.001

Total fat-free mass (kg)^b

41.4 ± 0.1

45.0 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

36.7 ± 0.2

39.5 ± 0.3

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)^b

79.9 ± 0.2

93.4 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

76.2 ± 0.3

91.8 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)^b

22.8 ± 0.1

26.5 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

20.7 ± 0.1

24.1 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Total body fat percentage (%)^b

25.4 ± 0.2

31.5 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

27.1 ± 0.3

34.2 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Metabolic syndrome components

High triglycerides

 < 0.001

0.004

 < 0.001

 No

705 (63.2)

398 (50.2)

481 (64.6)

54 (46.0)

 Yes

380 (36.8)

382 (49.8)

232 (35.4)

59 (54.0)

Low HDL cholesterol

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 No

473 (42.6)

232 (29.7)

397 (55.2)

38 (32.0)

 Yes

612 (57.4)

548 (70.3)

316 (44.8)

75 (68.0)

High blood pressure

 < 0.001

0.034

 < 0.001

 No

415 (35.2)

192 (22.0)

285 (32.5)

28 (21.5)

 Yes

752 (64.8)

666 (78.0)

528 (67.5)

104 (78.5)

High fasting glucose

 < 0.001

0.013

 < 0.001

 No

737 (65.8)

374 (47.5)

449 (61.3)

52 (47.4)

 Yes

349 (34.2)

410 (52.5)

261 (38.7)

66 (52.6)

Number of metabolic syndrome components present

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 0

118 (9.7)

34 (4.0)

89 (10.5)

2 (4.3)

 1

326 (29.6)

110 (13.6)

218 (30.8)

19 (12.9)

 2

306 (29.1)

232 (30.5)

221 (29.8)

35 (29.1)

 3

236 (22.4)

243 (32.1)

113 (18.5)

34 (36.7)

 4

91 (9.2)

156 (20.0)

65 (10.3)

22 (16.9)