Table 3 Sex differences in the changes of CES-D scores in the ELSA

Before COVID-19 pandemic

 Wave 8 (2016)

0.92 (0.85 to 0.99)

1.27 (1.21 to 1.32)

0.34 (0.26 to 0.43)

 < 0.001

 Wave 9 (2018)

1.01 (0.94 to 1.07)

1.34 (1.28 to 1.40)

0.33 (0.24 to 0.42)

 < 0.001

 LSM differences between waves^a

0.09 (0.02 to 0.15)

0.07 (0.02 to 0.13)

-0.01 (-0.10 to 0.08)

0.801

 P for differences between waves^a

0.010

0.011

0.801

/

During COVID-19 pandemic

 Wave 9 (2018)

1.01 (0.94 to 1.07)

1.34 (1.28 to 1.40)

0.33 (0.24 to 0.42)

 < 0.001

 COVID-19 Wave 2 (2020)

1.69 (1.59 to 1.78)

2.32 (2.24 to 2.40)

0.63 (0.51 to 0.76)

 < 0.001

 LSM differences between waves^a

0.68 (0.59 to 0.77)

0.98 (0.90 to 1.05)

0.30 (0.18 to 0.41)

 < 0.001

 P for differences between waves^a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

/

During COVID-19 pandemic vs. Before COVID-19 pandemic

 Differences in LSM differences between two periods^a

0.59 (0.47 to 0.72)

0.91 (0.79 to 1.01)

0.32 (0.14 to 0.48)

 < 0.001

 P for differences in LSM differences between two periods^a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

/