Table 1 Characteristics of individuals at baseline
Characteristics | HRS (wave 14, n = 9737) | ELSA (wave 9, n = 5098) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 4312) | Women (n = 5425) | p for difference* | Men (n = 2227) | Women (n = 2871) | p for difference* | |
Age (years) | 66.7 ± 10.3 | 66.7 ± 11.1 | 0.952 | 69.1 ± 9.8 | 68.3 ± 10.2 | 0.004 |
White (%) | 2910 (67.5) | 3509 (64.7) | 0.004 | 2169 (97.4) | 2782 (96.9) | 0.294 |
Education ≥ 12 years (%) | 3711 (86.1) | 4726 (87.1) | 0.129 | 816 (36.6) | 877 (30.6) |  < 0.001 |
Living alone (%) | 974 (22.6) | 2338 (43.1) |  < 0.001 | 528 (23.7) | 1043 (36.3) |  < 0.001 |
Current smoking (%) | 495 (11.5) | 486 (9.0) |  < 0.001 | 176 (7.9) | 214 (7.5) | 0.550 |
Drinking ≥ once per week (%) | 1045 (24.2) | 768 (14.2) |  < 0.001 | 1479 (66.4) | 1389 (48.4) |  < 0.001 |
Moderate and vigorous physical active (%) | 3363 (78.0) | 3906 (72.0) |  < 0.001 | 1758 (78.9) | 2135 (74.4) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 2612 (60.6) | 3099 (57.1) |  < 0.001 | 791 (35.5) | 884 (30.8) |  < 0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 1188 (27.6) | 1299 (23.9) |  < 0.001 | 247 (11.1) | 193 (6.7) |  < 0.001 |
Heart disease (%) | 1059 (24.6) | 924 (17.0) |  < 0.001 | 149 (6.7) | 84 (2.9) |  < 0.001 |
Stroke (%) | 291 (6.8) | 311 (5.7) | 0.039 | 47 (2.1) | 47 (1.6) | 0.213 |
Cancer (%) | 626 (14.5) | 757 (14.0) | 0.429 | 109 (4.9) | 129 (4.5) | 0.501 |
CES-D scores | 0.86 ± 1.36 | 1.01 ± 1.52 |  < 0.001 | 0.94 ± 1.46 | 1.39 ± 1.79 |  < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | 249 (5.8) | 402 (7.4) | 0.001 | 142 (6.4) | 356 (12.4) |  < 0.001 |