Table 6 Multivariable linear regression on hospitalization costs of total patients, non-surgical patients and surgical patients

Age (ref ≥ 90)

 65–69

(-0.50–0.82)

-0.01

(-0.29–0.28)

(-0.02–0.94)

 70–74

(-0.30–0.98)

0.01

(-0.27–0.29)

(-0.13–0.81)

 75–79

(-0.36–0.94)

0.03

(-0.25–0.31)

(-0.03–0.92)

 80–84

(-0.33–0.97)

0.00

(-0.28–0.28)

(-0.13–0.82)

 85–89

(-0.43–0.93)

0.00

(-0.29–0.29)

(-0.15–0.90)

Gender: Male (ref = Female)

(-0.01–0.22)

0.13***

(0.06–0.20)

(-0.24–0.00)

Medical Payment type (ref = Other)

 Basic Medical Insurance

(-0.02–0.30)

0.12*

(0.03–0.21)

(-0.26–0.10)

 Entire self-pay

(-0.29–0.04)

-0.09

(-0.18–0.01)

(-0.24–0.13)

Cause of injury (ref = Other)

 Falls (W00-W19)

(-0.12–0.22)

0.04

(-0.08–0.15)

(0.10–0.47)

 Transport accidents (V01-V99)

(-0.22–0.14)

0.03

(-0.08–0.15)

(-0.06–0.37)

 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (W20-W49)

(-0.33–0.18)

-0.01

(-0.28–0.26)

(-0.29–0.23)

 Exposure to animate mechanical forces (W50-W64)

(-0.71–0.15)

-0.22

(-0.46–0.02)

(-0.99–0.65)

Type of injury (ref = Other)

 Injuries to the head (S00-S09)

(-0.13–0.22)

-0.02

(-0.13–0.10)

(0.04–0.45)

 Injuries to the hip and thigh (S70-S79)

(-0.02–0.37)

0.07

(-0.06–0.20)

(0.24–0.64)

 Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis (S30-S39)

(-0.06–0.43)

0.05

(-0.09–0.18)

(0.04–0.53)

 Injuries to the thorax (S20-S29)

(0.01–0.42)

0.18**

(0.05–0.32)

(0.32–0.96)

 Injuries to the knee and lower leg (S80-S89)

(-0.03–0.45)

0.03

(-0.14–0.19)

(-0.05–0.34)

ISS (ref < 16)

 16–24

(0.15–0.45)

0.23***

(0.12–0.33)

(0.15–0.57)

  ≥ 25

(-0.50–0.68)

0.23*

(0.02–0.45)

(0.07–0.74)

Multimorbidity (ref = no NCD)

 one NCD

(0.00–0.29)

0.15**

(0.06–0.25)

(-0.27–0.06)

 two NCD

(0.06–0.39)

0.22***

(0.12–0.32)

(-0.05–0.32)

 three or more NCD

(0.18–0.56)

0.44***

(0.33–0.54)

(-0.07–0.32)

CCI ≥ 3 (ref < 3)

(-0.28–0.11)

0.02

(-0.09–0.14)

(-0.17–0.23)

LOS (ref ≤ 7)

 8–14

(0.78–1.06)

0.82***

(0.74–0.91)

(0.46–0.84)

 15–28

(1.25–1.56)

1.37***

(1.28–1.46)

(0.88–1.25)

  ≥ 29

(1.70–2.15)

2.03***

(1.90–2.16)

(1.34–1.77)

Mode of admission: Emergency admission (ref = Outpatient admission)

(0.02–0.21)

0.03

(-0.04–0.10)

(-0.16–0.08)

Admission status (ref = General status)

 Critically ill status

(-0.65–0.43)

-0.07

(-0.30–0.15)

(-0.16–0.48)

 Urgent status

(-0.17–0.15)

-0.03

(-0.13–0.07)

(-0.18–0.20)

Transferring to other departments, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.01–0.39)

0.22**

(0.06–0.38)

(-0.03–0.31)

Intensive care, Yes (ref = No)

(0.47–0.93)

0.52***

(0.33–0.72)

(-0.10–0.45)

Admission to ICU, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.27–0.40)

0.17

(-0.12–0.46)

(-0.02–0.42)

Blood transfusion, Yes (ref = No)

(0.11–0.75)

0.49***

(0.27–0.72)

(-0.01–0.30)

Rescue, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.23–0.30)

0.19*

(0.03–0.35)

(-0.13–0.32)

Usage of the ventilator, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.02–0.59)

0.46***

(0.20–0.72)

(-0.18–0.24)

In-hospital mortality, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.50–0.58)

-0.11

(-0.33–0.11)

(-0.14–0.61)

Surgery, Yes (ref = No)

(0.30–0.65)

-

-

-