Table 3 Multivariable quantile regression on hospitalization costs of the total trauma patients

Age (ref ≥ 90)

 65–69

(-0.50–0.82)

(-0.20–0.42)

(-0.23–0.44)

-0.01

(-0.29–0.26)

-0.19

(-0.50–0.12)

 70–74

(-0.30–0.98)

(-0.20–0.39)

(-0.28–0.38)

-0.02

(-0.29–0.25)

-0.17

(-0.48–0.14)

 75–79

(-0.36–0.94)

(-0.20–0.39)

(-0.23–0.42)

0.05

(-0.24–0.33)

-0.11

(-0.41–0.20)

 80–84

(-0.33–0.97)

(-0.18–0.39)

(-0.27–0.35)

-0.01

(-0.29–0.28)

-0.15

(-0.46–0.17)

 85–89

(-0.43–0.93)

(-0.19–0.41)

(-0.30–0.42)

0.02

(-0.28–0.33)

-0.17

(-0.48–0.15)

Gender: Male (ref = Female)

(-0.01–0.22)

(0.05–0.19)

(0.04–0.18)

0.06*

(0.01–0.12)

0.10*

(0.02–0.18)

Medical Payment type (ref = Other)

 Basic Medical Insurance

(-0.02–0.30)

(-0.01–0.17)

(-0.08–0.13)

0.03

(-0.04–0.10)

0.05

(-0.06–0.16)

 Entire self-pay

(-0.29–0.04)

(-0.22–0.00)

(-0.23–-0.03)

-0.02

(-0.11–0.08)

0.11

(-0.03–0.24)

Cause of injury (ref = Other)

 Falls (W00-W19)

(-0.12–0.22)

(0.03–0.25)

(0.00–0.23)

0.09

(-0.01–0.19)

0.13

(-0.02–0.28)

 Transport accidents (V01-V99)

(-0.22–0.14)

(0.00–0.24)

(-0.05–0.18)

0.04

(-0.07–0.15)

0.08

(-0.07–0.23)

 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (W20-W49)

(-0.33–0.18)

(-0.34–0.09)

(-0.33–0.11)

-0.12

(-0.39–0.16)

-0.06

(-0.37–0.26)

 Exposure to animate mechanical forces (W50-W64)

(-0.71–0.15)

(-0.76–0.06)

(-0.37–0.17)

-0.31*

(-0.61–-0.00)

-0.33

(-0.95–0.28)

Type of injury (ref = Other)

 Injuries to the head (S00-S09)

(-0.13–0.22)

(-0.05–0.18)

(-0.13–0.09)

-0.05

(-0.14–0.05)

0.02

(-0.12–0.16)

 Injuries to the hip and thigh (S70-S79)

(-0.02–0.37)

(0.06–0.33)

(0.01–0.26)

0.14*

(0.03–0.25)

0.09

(-0.05–0.23)

 Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis (S30-S39)

(-0.06–0.43)

(-0.06–0.25)

(-0.14–0.20)

0.12

(-0.03–0.27)

0.16

(-0.02–0.33)

 Injuries to the thorax (S20-S29)

(0.01–0.42)

(0.14–0.42)

(0.09–0.41)

0.28***

(0.17–0.39)

0.21*

(0.04–0.39)

 Injuries to the knee and lower leg (S80-S89)

(-0.03–0.45)

(-0.17–0.20)

(-0.07–0.21)

0.04

(-0.09–0.16)

-0.03

(-0.23–0.17)

ISS (ref < 16)

 16–24

(0.15–0.45)

(0.09–0.34)

(0.21–0.43)

0.29***

(0.21–0.37)

0.18**

(0.06–0.29)

  ≥ 25

(-0.50–0.68)

(-0.22–0.41)

(0.15–0.59)

0.41***

(0.18–0.64)

0.36*

(0.07–0.65)

Multimorbidity (ref = no NCD)

 one NCD

(0.00–0.29)

(0.03–0.22)

(0.01–0.19)

0.08

(-0.01–0.16)

0.07

(-0.04–0.17)

 two NCD

(0.06–0.39)

(0.15–0.36)

(0.15–0.33)

0.16***

(0.07–0.24)

0.19**

(0.06–0.31)

 three or more NCD

(0.18–0.56)

(0.28–0.51)

(0.30–0.51)

0.33***

(0.23–0.43)

0.31***

(0.17–0.44)

CCI ≥ 3 (ref < 3)

(-0.28–0.11)

(-0.21–0.07)

(-0.17–0.04)

-0.06

(-0.17–0.06)

-0.06

(-0.21–0.10)

LOS (ref ≤ 7)

 8–14

(0.78–1.06)

(0.78–0.95)

(0.66–0.83)

0.74***

(0.66–0.81)

0.64***

(0.53–0.74)

 15–28

(1.25–1.56)

(1.27–1.48)

(1.18–1.35)

1.23***

(1.14–1.31)

1.13***

(1.03–1.24)

  ≥ 29

(1.70–2.15)

(1.71–2.01)

(1.72–2.02)

1.92***

(1.81–2.03)

1.84***

(1.69–2.00)

Mode of admission: Emergency admission (ref = Outpatient admission)

(0.02–0.21)

(-0.01–0.13)

(-0.03–0.09)

-0.03

(-0.09–0.03)

-0.06

(-0.13–0.01)

Admission status (ref = General status)

 Critically ill status

(-0.65–0.43)

(-0.30–0.25)

(-0.22–0.21)

-0.08

(-0.45–0.30)

0.22

(-0.23–0.67)

 Urgent status

(-0.17–0.15)

(-0.11–0.09)

(-0.20–0.02)

-0.04

(-0.13–0.05)

0.03

(-0.12–0.19)

Transferring to other departments, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.01–0.39)

(0.05–0.38)

(0.12–0.37)

0.15*

(0.02–0.27)

0.16*

(0.03–0.30)

Intensive care, Yes (ref = No)

(0.47–0.93)

(0.30–0.71)

(0.33–0.61)

0.35***

(0.22–0.48)

0.24

(-0.07–0.54)

Admission to ICU, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.27–0.40)

(-0.16–0.25)

(-0.27–0.11)

0.07

(-0.12–0.26)

0.08

(-0.20–0.36)

Blood transfusion, Yes (ref = No)

(0.11–0.75)

(0.07–0.45)

(0.15–0.39)

0.15**

(0.04–0.25)

0.23**

(0.06–0.40)

Rescue, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.23–0.30)

(-0.10–0.26)

(0.05–0.39)

0.30***

(0.17–0.43)

0.24**

(0.07–0.41)

Usage of the ventilator, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.02–0.59)

(0.03–0.49)

(0.08–0.44)

0.28**

(0.10–0.45)

0.30*

(0.05–0.56)

In-hospital mortality, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.50–0.58)

(-0.29–0.42)

(-0.14–0.42)

0.18

(-0.03–0.39)

0.15

(-0.10–0.39)

Surgery, Yes (ref = No)

(0.30–0.65)

(0.52–0.77)

(0.49–0.69)

0.63***

(0.55–0.72)

0.66***

(0.56–0.77)