Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by sex. ELSI-Brazil, 2019–2021

Sociodemographic

Racial self-classification^a

White

45.3 (39.1; 51.6)

45.1 (38.9; 51.5)

45.4 (38.8; 52.2)

Non-white

54.7 (48.4; 60.9)

54.9 (48.5; 61.1)

54.6 (47.8; 61.2)

Place of residence

Urban

83.5 (77.1; 88.4)

83.9 (77.8; 88.6)

83.1 (76.3; 88.3)

Rural

16.5 (11.6; 22.9)

16.1 (11.4; 22.2)

16.9 (11.7; 23.8)

Schooling (years)^b

0–4

51.3 (47.4; 55.1)

50.8 (46.5; 55.1)

51.6 (47.4; 55.7)

5–8

20.7 (19.0; 22.6)

20.8 (18.8; 22.8)

20.7 (18.5; 23.2)

9–11

20.7 (18.4; 23.3)

22.0 (19.2; 25.0)

19.7 (17.2; 22.5)

 ≥ 12

7.3 (6.1; 8.7)

6.4 (5.2; 8.0)

8.0 (6.5; 9.8)

Monthly household income per capita in tertiles (R$)^c

Low

34.5 (29.7; 39.5)

33.0 (27.8; 38.6)

35.7 (30.8; 41.0)

Middle

33.2 (30.5; 36.0)

32.0 (29.0; 35.1)

34.2 (31.1; 37.4)

High

32.3 (28.2; 36.8)

35.0 (30.2; 40.3)

30.1 (26.2; 34.3)

Anthropometric

Body mass index (kg/m²)^d

Underweight

2.0 (1.6; 2.5)

2.1 (1.6; 2.8)

1.9 (1.4; 2.5)

Eutrophic

28.0 (26.2; 29.9)

30.7 (28.3; 33.2)

25.8 (24.0; 27.8)

Overweight

39.6 (38.2; 41.0)

42.9 (40.9; 44.9)

36.9 (35.2; 38.6)

Obese

30.4 (28.9; 32.1)

24.3 (22.3; 26.5)

35.4 (33.4; 37.5)

Waist circumference (cm)^e

Adequate

25.4 (23.3; 27.7)

40.4 (37.3; 43.6)

13.2 (11.2; 15.6)

Increased

74.6 (72.4; 76.7)

59.6 (56.4; 62.7)

86.8 (84.4; 88.8)

Number of participants (unweighted)

7,905

3,162

4,743