The effect of all-cause hospitalization on cognitive decline in older adults: a longitudinal study using databases of the National Health Insurance Service and the memory clinics of a self-run hospital

Table 4 Mixed models for estimating cognitive changes according to whether patients had an experience of hospitalization with or without surgery

Models	Hospitalization without surgery			Hospitalization with surgery
Models	β	SE	P value	β	SE	P value
Model I^a	1.1485	0.0603	< .001^d	0.8376	0.0691	< .001^d
Model II^b	1.1490	0.0604	< .001^d	0.8378	0.0691	< .001^d
Model III^c	1.2050	0.0647	< .001^d	0.8634	0.0743	< .001^d

Abbreviations: APOE Apolipoprotein E, CDR-SB Clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes, SE Standard error
^aModel I: CDR-SB = hospitalization × time + hospitalization + time + sex + CDR-SB (baseline)
^bModel II: CDR-SB = Model I + APOEε4 + age + hypertension + diabetes
^cModel III: CDR-SB = Model II + education year + ischemic burden
^dStatistically significant difference between hospitalization with and without surgery

ISSN: 1471-2318