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Table 3 Logistic regression analysis results of the influencing factors for the unmet needs of the older adults in nursing homes

From: The unmet needs of older adults living in nursing homes in Mainland China: a nation-wide observational study

Variable

Category of variable

Low unmet needs n(%)

High unmet needs n(%)

Univariate analysis

Hierarchical analysis

model 1 model 2 model 3 model 4 model 5

OR value (95%CI)

OR value (95%CI)

OR value (95%CI)

OR value (95%CI)

OR value (95%CI)

OR value (95%CI)

Age (years old)

60–69

96 (85.7)

16 (14.3)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

70–79

410 (94.0)

26 (6.0)

0.38 (0.20,0.74)

0.60 (0.22,1.70)

0.56 (0.19,1.65)

0.55(0.18,1.68)

4.15(0.37,46.82)

6.18(0.48,79.31)

80–89

1209 (94.7)

68 (5.3)

0.34(0.19,0.60)

0.41 (0.16,1.07)

0.28 (0.10,0.76)

0.30(0.11,0.86)

2.40(0.22,26.46)

2.97(0.24,36.62)

≥ 90

203 (94.4)

12 (5.6)

0.36(0.16,0.78)

0.49 (0.14,1.74)

0.39(0.10,1.47)

0.35(0.09,1.40)

2.09(0.16,27.64)

2.51(0.17,37.94)

Gender

Male

691 (92.0)

60 (8.0)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Female

1231 (95.2)

62 (4.8)

0.58 (0.40,0.84)

0.34 (0.19,0.60)

0.31(0.17,0.58)

0.24(0.13,0.46)

0.26(0.12,0.57)

0.33(0.14,0.79)

Institution type

Private operated

761 (90.9)

76 (9.1)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Public operate

1161 (96.2)

46 (3.8)

0.40 (0.27,0.58)

0.60 (0.34,1.06)

0.60 (0.33,1.12)

0.71(0.38,1.33)

1.02(0.45,2.27)

1.17(0.51,2.68)

Ethnicity

Han

1886 (94.0)

120 (6.0)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Other

36 (94.7)

2 (5.3)

0.87 (0.21,3.67)

0.00 (0.00, -)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

Religion

None

1666 (94.4)

98 (5.6)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Have

256 (91.4)

24 (8.6)

1.59 (1.00,2.54)

2.32 (1.11,4.86)

2.82(1.29,6.16)

3.62(1.61,8.17)

2.46(0.85,7.14)

3.21(1.07,9.68)

Educational background

Primary school and below

675 (90.4)

72 (9.6)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Middle school/high school/secondary school

825 (95.6)

38 (4.4)

0.43 (0.29,0.65)

0.34 (0.19,0.62)

0.33(0.17,0.62)

0.33(0.17,0.65)

0.22(0.09,0.54)

0.25(0.10,0.62)

Junior college/university and over

414 (97.2)

12 (2.8)

0.27 (0.15,0.51)

0.27 (0.10,0.73)

0.37(0.13,1.03)

0.48(0.17,1.36)

0.96(0.30,3.09)

1.07(0.32,3.54)

Marital status

Married

680 (96.3)

26 (3.7)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Other (widowed/divorced)

1230 (92.8)

96 (7.2)

0.49 (0.31,0.76)

0.61 (0.29,1.30)

0.60(0.27,1.33)

0.46(0.20,1.06)

0.34(0.12,0.98)

0.21(0.07,0.69)

Having children or not

Have

1864 (94.0)

118 (6.0)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

none

56 (93.3)

4 (6.7)

1.13 (0.40,3.17)

0.86 (0.15,4.78)

0.60(0.09,3.98)

0.42(0.05,3.91)

0.98(0.08,12.56)

1.45(0.09,24.61)

Length of time of living in nursing homes (year)

≤ 1

470 (94.0)

30 (6.0)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

1 ~ 3

478 (94.1)

30 (5.9)

0.98 (0.58, 1.66)

1.31 (0.64,2.70)

1.20(0.57,2.51)

1.31(0.61,2.82)

0.98(0.39,2.50)

1.01(0.38,2.69)

3 ~ 5

293 (94.8)

16 (5.2)

0.86 (0.46,1.60)

1.58 (0.69,3.62)

1.45(0.61,3.46)

1.77(0.72,4.34)

0.84(0.27,2.64)

0.94(0.29,2.99)

≥ 5

274 (88.4)

36 (11.6)

2.06 (1.24,3.42)

2.11 (0.95,4.68)

1.66(0.72,3.84)

1.66(0.69,4.00)

0.89(0.30,2.60)

1.08(0.36,3.25)

Living condition before admission

Solitude

585 (93.0)

44 (7.0)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Living with spouse

783 (93.1)

58 (6.9)

0.99 (0.66,1.48)

2.64 (1.34,5.23)

2.35(1.13,4.91)

2.27(1.05,4.90)

2.28(0.88,5.87)

3.05(1.11,8.33)

Living with children

463 (95.9)

20 (4.1)

0.57 (0.33,0.99)

0.77 (0.35,1.72)

0.73(0.31,1.70)

0.82(0.35,1.92)

0.50(0.16,1.59)

0.54(0.16,1.83)

Other

89 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00, -)

0.00 (0.00, -)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

Room type

Single room

429 (87.4)

62 (12.6)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Twin room

1261 (96.8)

46 (3.2)

0.23 (0.15,0.35)

0.43 (0.23,0.78)

0.43(0.23,0.82)

0.39(0.20,0.75)

0.38(0.17,0.85)

0.43(0.19,0.98)

Dormitory

222 (94.1)

14 (5.9)

0.44 (0.24,0.80)

0.51 (0.21,1.24)

0.35(0.14,0.88)

0.31(0.12,0.80)

0.00(0.00,-)

0.00(0.00,-)

Income (yuan/month)

≤ 1999

72 (73.5)

26 (26.5)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

2000 ~ 4999

1035 (95.0)

54 (5.0)

0.14 (0.09,0.24)

0.14 (0.07,0.29)

0.15(0.07,0.33)

0.18(0.08,0.42)

0.11(0.04,0.34)

0.10(0.03,0.33)

≥ 5000

567 (97.9)

12 (2.1)

0.06 (0.03,0.12)

0.06 (0.02,0.16)

0.05(0.01,0.14)

0.06(0.02,0.18)

0.02(0.01,0.11)

0.03(0.01,0.15)

Staffing

Enough

987 (96.1)

40 (3.9)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Relatively enough

375 (92.1)

32 (7.9)

2.11 (1.30,3.40)

2.24 (1.12,4.48)

2.67(1.28,5.56)

2.94(1.33.6.49)

2.81(1.07,7.36)

2.66(0.96,7.38)

Ordinary

253 (91.3)

24 (8.7)

2.34 (1.39,3.96)

3.26 (1.43,7.44)

4.32(1.78,10.52)

5.11(2.10,12.44)

6.45(2.01,20.71)

6.79(2.02,22.82)

Relatively inadequate

204 (92.7)

16 (7.3)

1.94 (1.06,3.52)

3.25 (1.39,7.62)

3.14(1.26,7.81)

4.46(1.69,11.74)

8.08(2.49,26.21)

7.63(2.26,25.76)

Very inadequate

89 (89.9)

10 (10.1)

2.77 (1.34,5.73)

4.59 (1.33,15.87)

4.18(1.10,15.83)

2.70(0.66,11.12)

3.58(0.64,20.00)

2.28(0.35,15.02)

Eyesight

Normal

1138 (96.4)

42 (3.6)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Abnormal

782 (90.7)

80 (9.3)

2.77 (1.89,4.07)

 

1.58(0.88,2.86)

1.66(0.90,3.06)

1.90(0.91,3.95)

1.87(0.85,4.12)

Hearing

Normal

1443 (95.4)

70 (4.6)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Abnormal

473 (90.1)

52 (9.9)

2.27 (1.56,3.29)

 

2.65(1.49,4.72)

2.82(1.55,5.14)

2.15(1.02,4.56)

2.21(0.99,4.96)

Number of diseases

0

236 (95.2)

12 (4.8)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

1 ~ 2

1181 (94.6)

68 (5.4)

1.13 (0.60,2.13)

 

3.37(1.09,10.43)

3.58(1.09,11.76)

10.68(1.89,60.49)

12.40(2.09,73.38)

≥ 3

488 (92.1)

42 (7.9)

1.69 (0.88,3.28)

 

3.42(1.02,11.43)

3.60(0.99,13.05)

10.47(1.62,67.82)

10.95(1.57,76.54)

Sleeping status

Normal

1115 (95.9)

48 (4.1)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Abnormal

807 (91.6)

74 (8.4)

2.13 (1.47,3.10)

 

1.81(1.01,3.21)

1.88(1.03,3.43)

1.62(0.77,3.42)

1.78(0.82,3.85)

Skin status

Normal

1529 (94.7)

86 (5.3)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Abnormal

393 (91.6)

36 (8.4)

1.63 (1.09,2.44)

 

1.73(0.90,3.33)

1.70(0.86,3.36)

1.29(0.54,3.08)

1.17(0.47,2.96)

Occurrence of accidents in the past 30 days

None

1715 (94.7)

96 (5.3)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Have

201 (88.5)

26 (11.5)

2.31 (1.46,3.65)

 

1.62(0.68,3.83)

0.79(0.30,2.10)

0.44(0.10,1.88)

0.27(0.06,1.27)

Pain

None

1058 (95.5)

50 (4.5)

Reference

  

Reference

Reference

Reference

Slightly

661 (95.1)

34 (4.9)

1.09 (0.70,1.70)

  

1.21(0.61,2.39)

0.94(0.41,2.14)

0.96(0.41,2.26)

Moderate

160 (84.2)

30 (15.8)

3.97 (2.45,6.43)

  

4.04(1.64,9.94)

3.10(0.94,10.18)

2.77(0.76,10.06)

Severe

41 (83.7)

8 (16.3)

4.13 (1.84,9.27)

  

17.52(4.61,66.59)

23.00(4.01,131.95)

14.98(2.27,99.01)

ADL levels

Independent

810 (97.1)

24 (2.9)

Reference

   

Reference

Reference

Mildly dependent

1007 (94.4)

60 (5.6)

2.01 (1.24,3.26)

   

1.26(0.56,2.83)

0.81(0.34,1.95)

Moderately/severely dependent

26 (81.3)

6 (18.8)

7.79 (2.93,20.67)

   

56.08(5.46,576.00)

30.22(2.42,377.26)

Depression

None

1594 (97.4)

42 (2.6)

Reference

    

Reference

 

Have

328 (80.4)

80 (19.6)

9.26 (6.26,13.70)

    

6.76(2.88,15.85)

 

R2 of Negorko

   

0.306

0.373

0.411

0.460

0.503

 

R2 of Cox-Snell

   

0.109

0.135

0.148

0.144

0.158

 

P

   

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

  1. Model 1, adjusted for demographic characteristics (institution type, age, gender, ethnicity, religion, educational background, marital status, having children or not, length of time of living in nursing homes, living condition before admission, room type, income, staffing) ; Model 2, adjusted for demographic characteristics + health status; model 3, adjusted for demographic characteristics + health status + pain; model 4, adjusted for demographic characteristics + health status + pain + ADL; model 5, adjusted for demographic characteristics + health status + pain + ADL + depression. Pain: The Numerical Rating Scale for pain assessment; ADL: Modified Barthel Index; Depression: Geriatric Depression Scale; Unmet needs: older adults with ≤ 3 unmet needs were grouped into the low unmet need category(coded 0), while those with > 3 needs into the high unmet need category (coded 1)
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