Table 2 Generalized linear model using the GEE with MMSE score in 2008–2020
Variables | MMSE score < 24 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Marital transition | ||||
Married → Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Married → Not married | 1.42 | (0.90 - 2.24) | 1.20 | (1.01- 1.52) |
Not married → Married | 0.77 | (0.26 - 2.30) | 0.47 | (0.18 - 1.22) |
Not married → Not married | 1.32 | (0.96 - 1.82) | 1.21 | (1.03 - 1.42) |
Age | ||||
45–64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
≥65 | 1.51 | (1.27 - 1.80) | 1.93 | (1.69 - 2.19) |
Region | ||||
Urban area | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural area | 1.24 | (1.06 - 1.46) | 1.42 | (1.25-1.62) |
Educational level | ||||
Middle school or below | 2.23 | (1.88 - 2.65) | 2.64 | (2.20 - 3.17) |
High school or above | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Household income | ||||
Quartile 1 (low) | 1.30 | (1.05 - 1.60) | 1.25 | (1.05 - 1.48) |
Quartile 2 | 0.89 | (0.73 - 1.08) | 0.98 | (0.83 - 1.15) |
Quartile 3 | 0.82 | (0.68 - 0.98) | 0.94 | (0.81 - 1.10) |
Quartile 4 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Living arrangement | ||||
Living alone | 0.85 | (0.61 - 1.19) | 1.12 | (0.95 - 1.31) |
Living with a family member(s) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Number of offspring | ||||
None | 1.08 | (0.89 - 1.32) | 1.11 | (0.91 - 1.34) |
1 | 0.84 | (0.60 - 1.18) | 0.75 | (0.55 - 1.03) |
≥2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Chronic disease | ||||
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1 | 1.15 | (0.98 - 1.36) | 1.21 | (1.07 - 1.38) |
2 or more | 1.45 | (1.20 - 1.75) | 1.38 | (1.17 - 1.63) |
ADL | ||||
Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Abnormal | 2.84 | (1.75 - 4.60) | 1.99 | (1.33 - 2.96) |
Grip strength | ||||
Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Abnormal | 1.90 | (1.65 - 2.18) | 1.78 | (1.59 - 2.00) |
Satisfaction of Life | ||||
Bad | 2.31 | (1.88 - 2.83) | 1.72 | (1.47 - 2.02) |
Normal | 1.34 | (1.16 - 1.54) | 1.28 | (1.14 - 1.43) |
Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Year | ||||
2008 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
2010 | 1.27 | (1.02 - 1.58) | 1.04 | (0.90 - 1.21) |
2012 | 1.18 | (0.95 - 1.48) | 0.93 | (0.81 - 1.08) |
2014 | 1.71 | (1.38 - 2.12) | 1.18 | (1.02 - 1.38) |
2016 | 1.83 | (1.48 - 2.27) | 1.21 | (1.04 - 1.41) |
2018 | 2.58 | (2.08 - 3.20) | 1.30 | (1.11 - 1.52) |
2020 | 2.82 | (2.23 - 3.56) | 1.45 | (1.23 - 1.69) |