Table 1 General Characteristics of Cognitive Frailty and non-cognitive frailty
Parameters | Cognitive frailty (N = 425) | non-Cognitive frailty (N = 491) | Z/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD | 78.75 ± 7.46 | 71.78 ± 6.96 | Z = 14.54 | < 0.001 |
Age, n (%) | χ2 = 107.92 | < 0.001 | ||
< 80 | 225 (52.9%) | 415 (84.5%) | ||
≥ 80 | 200 (47.1%) | 76 (15.5%) | ||
Gender, n (%) | χ2 = 0.00 | 0.998 | ||
Female | 245 (57.6%) | 283 (57.6%) | ||
Male | 180 (42.4%) | 208 (42.4%) | ||
Education level, n (%) | χ2 = 153.02 | < 0.001 | ||
Illiteracy | 49 (11.5%) | 2 (0.4%) | ||
Primary school | 142 (33.4%) | 52 (10.6%) | ||
Junior school | 176 (41.4%) | 272 (55.4%) | ||
University or above | 58 (13.6%) | 165 (33.6%) | ||
Living arrangement | χ2 = 9.81 | 0.007 | ||
With spouse or children | 351 (82.6%) | 432 (88%) | ||
Living alone | 51 (12%) | 50 (10.2%) | ||
Nursing home | 23 (5.4%) | 9 (1.8%) | ||
Smoking status, n (%) | χ2 = 2.853 | 0.240 | ||
Never smoked | 316 (74.4%) | 388 (79%) | ||
Previous smoker | 67 (15.8%) | 65 (13.2%) | ||
Current smoker | 42 (9.9%) | 38 (7.7%) | ||
Drinking status, n (%) | χ2 = 2.46 | 0.292 | ||
Never drank | 364 (85.6%) | 417 (84.9%) | ||
Previous drinker | 32 (7.5%) | 29 (5.9%) | ||
Current drinking | 29 (6.8%) | 45 (9.2%) | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | χ2 = 0.00 | 0.993 | ||
Yes | 252 (59.3%) | 291 (59.3%) | ||
Coronary heart diseases, n (%) | χ2 = 0.24 | 0.624 | ||
Yes | 152 (35.8%) | 168 (34.2%) | ||
Diabetes, n (%) | χ2 = 6.96 | 0.008 | ||
Yes | 155 (36.5%) | 139 (28.3%) | ||
Osteoporosis, n (%) | χ2 = 2.47 | 0.116 | ||
Yes | 117 (27.5%) | 113 (23%) | ||
BMI (kg/m 2 ), n (%) | χ2 = 15.20 | 0.002 | ||
< 18.5 | 42 (9.9%) | 22 (4.5%) | ||
18.5–24.9 | 224 (52.7%) | 289 (58.9%) | ||
25–29.9 | 130 (30.6%) | 161 (32.8%) | ||
≥ 30 | 29 (6.8%) | 19 (3.9%) | ||
PSQI, median (IQR) | 11 (7, 16) | 9.26 (5, 13) | Z = -4.914 | < 0.001 |
Depression | χ2 = 57.22 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 135 (31.8%) | 56 (11.4%) | ||
No | 290 (68.2%) | 435 (88.6%) | ||
Chronic body pain | χ2 = 2.46 | 0.117 | ||
Yes | 241 (56.7%) | 253 (51.5%) | ||
No | 184 (43.3%) | 238 (48.5%) |