Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression models assessing the factors associated with public and private outpatient healthcare utilization in India, older adults (aged 45 years and above), LASI wave 1, 2017–18
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public (1) vs. Others (0) | Private (1) vs. Others (0) | Public (1) vs. Others (0) | Private (1) vs. Others (0) | Public (1) vs. Others (0) | Private (1) vs. Others (0) | |
AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
Age group | ||||||
45–54 years ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
55–64 years | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) |
65 & above years | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 1.11 (1.02–1.2) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) |
Sex | ||||||
Male ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 1.19 (1.1–1.28) | 1.39 (1.29–1.49) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.20 (1.11–1.29) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) |
Years of Schooling | ||||||
No schooling ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
01–05 years | 1.68 (1.53–1.86) | 1.53 (1.39–1.68) | 1.41 (1.28–1.56) | 1.26 (1.15–1.39) | 1.34 (1.21–1.49) | 1.21 (1.10–1.34) |
06–11 years | 1.79 (1.62–1.97) | 2.00 (1.83–2.18) | 1.33 (1.2–1.47) | 1.39 (1.26–1.53) | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 1.32 (1.20–1.46) |
12 & above years | 1.61 (1.38–1.88) | 2.83 (2.45–3.25) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 1.51 (1.30–1.76) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 1.45 (1.24–1.69) |
Place of resident | ||||||
Rural ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Urban | 2.11 (1.93–2.31) | 2.20 (2.02–2.39) | 1.93 (1.76–2.12) | 2.06 (1.89–2.24) | ||
Wealth status | ||||||
Poorest ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Poorer | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.41 (1.28–1.56) | 1.1 (0.99–1.23) | 1.41 (1.28–1.56) | ||
Middle | 1.3 (1.17–1.46) | 1.87 (1.69–2.08) | 1.29 (1.15–1.44) | 1.85 (1.67–2.06) | ||
Richer | 1.37 (1.22–1.53) | 2.22 (1.99–2.47) | 1.32 (1.18–1.48) | 2.16 (1.94–2.40) | ||
Richest | 1.66 (1.47–1.87) | 2.88 (2.57–3.23) | 1.53 (1.35–1.72) | 2.7 (2.41–3.02) | ||
Health insurance | ||||||
Yes ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
No | 0.51 (0.47–0.56) | 0.69 (0.63–0.76) | 0.54 (0.49–0.59) | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | ||
Economic activity | ||||||
Not working ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 1.08 (0.98–1.20) | ||
Non-primary | 0.82 (0.75–1.90) | 0.87 (0.80–1.25) | 0.87 (0.79–1.10) | 0.91 (0.83–1.09) | ||
Purpose for visit | ||||||
Immunization ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Consultation | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 1.46 (1.11–1.92) | ||||
Medical check-up | 1.64 (1.31–2.04) | 2.09 (1.68–2.60) | ||||
Treatment for illness | 0.50 (0.41–0.60) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | ||||
Treatment for injure | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) | 1.18 (0.89–1.55) | ||||
Self-rated health | ||||||
Good ® | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Fair | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | ||||
Bad | 1.38 (1.24–1.53) | 1.33 (1.21–1.47) | ||||