Association of low-carbohydrate-diet score and cognitive performance in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Table 2 The association between LCD score and cognitive performance

Variables	LCD score level	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Variables	LCD score level	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P
CERAD word learning subtest ^#	< 4	Ref		Ref		Ref
	4–8	0.58 (0.43–0.78)	0.001	0.59 (0.44–0.80)	0.003	0.56 (0.42–0.75)	0.003
	8–12	0.58 (0.44–0.78)	0.001	0.58 (0.43–0.79)	0.002	0.60 (0.42–0.86)	0.019
	12–17	0.49 (0.33–0.71)	< 0.001	0.53 (0.37–0.77)	0.003	0.56 (0.38–0.82)	0.014
	> 17	0.68 (0.50–0.91)	0.016	0.74 (0.55–1.01)	0.071	0.78 (0.55–1.10)	0.185
AFT*	< 4	Ref		Ref		Ref
	4–8	0.72 (0.53–0.97)	0.041	0.76 (0.55–1.04)	0.098	0.72 (0.52–1.00)	0.186
	8–12	0.65 (0.47–0.90)	0.014	0.68 (0.48–0.95)	0.034	0.70 (0.48–1.03)	0.213
	12–17	0.61 (0.46–0.81)	0.002	0.70 (0.53–0.93)	0.023	0.73 (0.54–0.98)	0.170
	> 17	0.84 (0.57–1.23)	0.374	0.96 (0.65–1.43)	0.856	1.00 (0.65–1.52)	0.984
DSST^&	< 4	Ref		Ref		Ref
	4–8	0.72 (0.53–0.97)	0.041	0.76 (0.55–1.04)	0.098	0.72 (0.52–1.00)	0.186
	8–12	0.65 (0.47–0.90)	0.014	0.68 (0.48–0.95)	0.034	0.70 (0.48–1.03)	0.213
	12–17	0.61 (0.46–0.81)	0.002	0.70 (0.53–0.93)	0.023	0.73 (0.54–0.98)	0.170
	> 17	0.84 (0.57–1.23)	0.374	0.96 (0.65–1.43)	0.856	1.00 (0.65–1.52)	0.984

Note: LCD Low-carbohydrate-diet, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease, AFT Animal Fluency Test, DSST Digit Symbol Substitution Test, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
Model 1, did not adjust for any confounders;
Model 2, adjusted for age, gender and race;
Model 3 (for CERAD word learning subtest ^#), adjusted for age, education level, marital status, household income, history of diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart disease and stroke, magnesium and the using of psychotropic medication;
Model 3 (for AFT*), adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, household income, body mass index; history of diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart disease and stroke, magnesium, calcium and the using of psychotropic medication;
Model 3 (for DSST^&), adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, household income, body mass index; history of diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart disease and stroke, magnesium and calcium

ISSN: 1471-2318