Table 4 Association of MMSE score with measured characteristics in the simple and multiple linear regression analysis

Age

−0.06

−0.14, −0.01

0.096

−0.027

–

0.612

 Male

Reference

–

–

–

 Female

−1.82

−2.85, −0.79

0.001

−1.30

−2.11, −0.50

0.002

 Illiteracy

Reference

–

–

–

 Primary school

3.68

1.54, 5.82

0.001

2.79

0.73, 4.85

0.008

 Junior/ high school

7.49

5.63, 9.35

< 0.001

6.46

4.67, 8.23

< 0.001

 Undergraduate/master/ PhD

9.638

7.69, 11.58

< 0.001

8.13

6.24, 10.02

< 0.001

 None

Reference

 Retired

2.94

1.82, 4.07

< 0.001

0.01

–

0.872

 Physical labor

4.28

2.60, 5.96

< 0.001

0.07

–

0.239

 Mental labor

−0.48

−2.16, 1.20

0.573

−1.92

−3.17, − 0.66

0.003

Duration of hearing loss

−0.08

−0.14, 0.01

0.02

−0.01

–

0.794

PTA

−0.07

−0.10, 0.03

< 0.001

− 0.08

–

0.212

Speech recognition rate

0.07

0.04, 0.10

< 0.001

0.05

0.03. 0.08

< 0.001