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Table 3 Associations of longitudinal changes in housework participation with all-cause mortality

From: Longitudinal associations of housework with frailty and mortality in older adults: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study 2

  

Exposed

Deaths

 

Model 1

 

Model 2

 

Model 3

 

person-years

N

Per 100 person-years

HR (95%CI)

p value

HR (95%CI)

p value

HR (95%CI)

p value

Light housework (cut-off ≥420 min/week)

 Total

Low at BL & FU

7050

208

2.95

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

11904

189

1.59

0.57 (0.39-0.82)

0.007*

0.76 (0.53-1.09)

0.123

0.77 (0.55-1.08)

0.121

High at BL & FU

9386

93

0.99

0.36 (0.24-0.54)

<0.001*

0.57 (0.36-0.91)

0.023*

0.58 (0.36-0.94)

0.032*

Linear trend, p value

    

<0.001*

 

0.025*

 

0.030*

 Men a

Low at BL & FU

4276

154

3.6

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

4187

96

2.29

0.71 (0.43-1.18)

0.159

0.73 (0.48-1.11)

0.124

0.72 (0.49-1.07)

0.099

High at BL & FU

1646

34

2.07

0.63 (0.36-1.11)

0.104

0.65 (0.36-1.18)

0.141

0.62 (0.34-1.14)

0.117

Linear trend, p value

    

0.088

 

0.108

 

0.082

 Women a

Low at BL & FU

2774

54

1.95

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

7717

93

1.21

0.60 (0.42-0.87)

0.008*

0.82 (0.49-1.36)

0.419

0.86 (0.51-1.46)

0.560

High at BL & FU

7740

59

0.76

0.41 (0.27-0.63)

<0.001*

0.55 (0.35-0.87)

0.013*

0.59 (0.36-0.96)

0.033*

Linear trend, p value

    

<0.001*

 

0.010*

 

0.027*

Heavy housework (cut-off >0 min/week)

 Total

Low at BL & FU

10651

260

2.44

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

12728

185

1.45

0.64 (0.40-1.01)

0.055

0.81 (0.50-1.32)

0.336

0.78 (0.48-1.27)

0.259

High at BL & FU

5202

52

1.00

0.44 (0.17-1.12)

0.073

0.67 (0.25-1.83)

0.357

0.64 (0.22-1.81)

0.317

Linear trend, p value

    

0.057

 

0.327

 

0.282

 Men a

Low at BL & FU

4345

160

3.68

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

4171

94

2.25

0.71 (0.36-1.40)

0.261

0.79 (0.39-1.61)

0.45

0.75 (0.38-1.48)

0.339

High at BL & FU

1588

29

1.83

0.50 (0.19-1.31)

0.133

0.64 (0.23-1.74)

0.32

0.60 (0.21-1.68)

0.273

Linear trend, p value

    

0.155

 

0.334

 

0.277

 Women a

Low at BL & FU

6306

100

1.59

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

8557

91

1.06

0.64 (0.38-1.07)

0.084

0.84 (0.51-1.37)

0.443

0.79 (0.46-1.33)

0.334

High at BL & FU

3615

23

0.64

0.47 (0.20-1.15)

0.087

0.72 (0.26-1.97)

0.465

0.64 (0.22-1.92)

0.363

Linear trend, p value

    

0.029*

 

0.392

 

0.295

  1. Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity; Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (housing type), education, brisk walking and sports activities at baseline, nutritional risk, smoking, alcohol, marital status.
  2. a Sex was excluded from model adjustments.
  3. BL Baseline, FU Follow-up, Ref Reference hazard ratio of 1.00, HR Hazard Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  4. *Statistically significant at p<0.05
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