Skip to main content

Table 2 Linear regression models showing multivariate association between life satisfaction and socio-demographic, health-related and household characteristics of older adults in India 2017-18

From: Decomposition of caste differential in life satisfaction among older adults in India

Characteristics

Life satisfaction among older adults (60+ years)

  

All

SC-ST group

Non-SC-ST group

Coefficient

95% CI

Coefficient

95% CI

Coefficient

95% CI

Caste of household

 SC/ST group

(Ref)

     

 Non-SC/ST group

0.31***

(0.14, 0.49)

–

–

–

–

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Age group

  Young-old

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Old-old

0.19**

(0.02, 0.36)

0.12

(−0.17, 0.42)

0.21*

(0.00, 0.42)

  Oldest-old

0.64***

(0.37, 0.91)

0.86***

(0.40, 1.32)

0.55***

(0.22, 0.87)

 Gender

  Male

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Female

0.28***

(0.08, 0.47)

0.43***

(0.13, 0.74)

0.17

(− 0.08, 0.42)

 Current marital status

  Currently not married

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Currently married

0.32***

(0.15, 0.49)

0.31**

(0.02, 0.60)

0.30***

(0.09, 0.51)

 Level of education

  No formal education

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Upto primary

0.41***

(0.22, 0.60)

0.80***

(0.46, 1.14)

0.23*

(−0.01, 0.47)

  Secondary and above

0.82***

(0.59, 1.05)

0.87***

(0.40, 1.33)

0.73***

(0.46, 1.01)

 Working status

  Currently working

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Currently not working

−0.073

(− 0.28, 0.13)

− 0.40**

(− 0.74, − 0.07)

0.12

(−0.13, 0.38)

  Never worked

−0.044

(−0.28, 0.19)

− 0.31

(− 0.70, 0.09)

0.14

(− 0.16, 0.44)

  Retired

0.64***

(0.32, 0.95)

0.27

(−0.32, 0.85)

0.80***

(0.43, 1.17)

 Subjective social status

  Very low

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Low

0.99***

(0.77, 1.20)

1.33***

(0.99, 1.67)

0.74***

(0.46, 1.02)

  Medium

2.66***

(2.42, 2.89)

3.19***

(2.80, 3.57)

2.37***

(2.07, 2.67)

  High

3.37***

(3.08, 3.67)

3.39***

(2.85, 3.93)

3.25***

(2.89, 3.61)

  Very high

5.00***

(4.52, 5.47)

3.77***

(2.83, 4.72)

5.22***

(4.66, 5.77)

 Social participation

  Socially active

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Socially inactive

0.16

(− 0.12, 0.44)

0.67***

(0.23, 1.12)

−0.12

(− 0.47, 0.24)

 Importance of religion

  Not important

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Very important

1.03***

(0.84, 1.22)

0.77***

(0.46, 1.09)

1.19***

(0.95, 1.44)

 Living arrangement satisfaction

  Not satisfied

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Neutral

2.93***

(2.54, 3.32)

3.58***

(2.94, 4.21)

2.53***

(2.04, 3.02)

  Satisfied

5.91***

(5.55, 6.28)

6.21***

(5.60, 6.81)

5.72***

(5.26, 6.19)

 Faces discrimination in life

  Yes

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  No

1.63***

(1.42, 1.85)

1.43***

(1.05, 1.80)

1.72***

(1.46, 1.99)

 Received ill-treatment

  Yes

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  No

0.79***

(0.41, 1.18)

0.99***

(0.34, 1.64)

0.73***

(0.25, 1.21)

Health characteristics

 Self-rated health

  Poor

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Average

1.01***

(0.82, 1.20)

1.13***

(0.78, 1.48)

0.98***

(0.74, 1.21)

  Good

0.98***

(0.70, 1.25)

0.99***

(0.51, 1.47)

1.01***

(0.67, 1.35)

 Chronic morbidity status

  No condition

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Single condition

−0.055

(−0.23, 0.12)

−0.17

(− 0.47, 0.13)

0.010

(− 0.21, 0.23)

  Multiple conditions

0.16

(−0.04, 0.36)

0.30

(−0.08, 0.68)

0.13

(−0.11, 0.37)

 Major depression

  Depressed

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Not depressed

1.71***

(1.41, 2.01)

2.16***

(1.61, 2.71)

1.55***

(1.20, 1.91)

 Physical activity status

  Physically active

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Physically inactive

0.17*

(−0.02, 0.35)

0.26*

(−0.04, 0.57)

0.10

(−0.13, 0.33)

 Difficulty in ADL

  Faces difficulty

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  No difficulty

0.10

(−0.10, 0.31)

0.17

(−0.19, 0.53)

0.060

(− 0.19, 0.31)

 Difficulty in IADL

  Faces difficulty

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  No difficulty

0.31***

(0.14, 0.48)

0.071

(−0.22, 0.36)

0.42***

(0.21, 0.63)

 Covered by health insurance

  Yes

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  No

0.60***

(0.41, 0.78)

0.63***

(0.33, 0.93)

0.59***

(0.36, 0.83)

Household characteristics

 Household MPCE Quintile

  Poorest

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Poorer

0.21*

(−0.02, 0.44)

0.34*

(−0.02, 0.70)

0.11

(−0.18, 0.41)

  Middle

0.19

(−0.04, 0.42)

0.35*

(−0.02, 0.73)

0.088

(−0.21, 0.39)

  Richer

0.10

(−0.13, 0.34)

0.11

(−0.29, 0.50)

0.061

(−0.24, 0.36)

  Richest

0.084

(−0.16, 0.33)

−0.26

(− 0.69, 0.17)

0.15

(− 0.16, 0.46)

 Religion of household

  Hinduism

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Islam

−0.26**

(− 0.50, − 0.03)

−0.42

(−1.01, 0.17)

− 0.23*

(− 0.50, 0.03)

  Others

0.13

(− 0.11, 0.37)

− 0.23

(− 0.58, 0.12)

0.43**

(0.07, 0.79)

 Place of residence

  Rural

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Urban

0.10

(−0.07, 0.28)

0.30*

(−0.03, 0.62)

0.036

(−0.17, 0.24)

 Country region

  Southern

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

  Northern

0.64***

(0.42, 0.85)

0.91***

(0.48, 1.33)

0.50***

(0.24, 0.75)

  Central

1.39***

(1.06, 1.72)

1.24***

(0.62, 1.85)

1.43***

(1.03, 1.83)

  Western

3.16***

(2.91, 3.42)

3.61***

(3.12, 4.11)

2.93***

(2.62, 3.24)

  Eastern

−0.038

(− 0.27, 0.20)

− 0.16

(− 0.62, 0.31)

0.0025

(− 0.28, 0.29)

  North-eastern

0.65***

(0.36, 0.94)

0.98***

(0.50, 1.45)

0.53**

(0.11, 0.96)

Adjusted R-squared

0.204

 

0.203

 

0.203

 

Analytical sample size

30,370

 

9935

 

20,435

 
  1. Note – (a) CI Confidence Interval, (Ref) Reference category; (b) Statistical significance denoted by asterisks where * p-value< 0.1, ** p-value< 0.05 and *** p-value< 0.01; (c) ADL Activities of daily living, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, MPCE Monthly per capita consumption expenditure
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us