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Table 1 Baseline selected characteristics of patients with dementia-related psychosis

From: Clinical outcomes and treatment patterns of older adults with dementia-related psychosis by dementia type in the United States

Characteristic

AD

(n = 150,375)

PDD

(n = 49,004)

DLB

(n = 15,263)

FTD

(n = 4,382)

VD

(n = 60,132)

Unspecified dementiaa

(n = 269,291)

All dementia-related psychosis

(N = 484,520)

Age at DRP diagnosis (index date), n (%)

 Years, mean (SD)

85 (7.1)

82 (7.2)

82 (6.9)

81 (7.6)

84 (7.5)

84 (8.1)

84 (7.8)

 65 to < 75 years

15,075 (10.0)

8,143 (16.6)

2,662 (17.4)

1,032 (23.6)

7,829 (13.0)

46,555 (17.3)

73,511 (15.2)

 75 to < 85 years

55,884 (37.2)

22,051 (45.0)

7,257 (47.5)

1,933 (44.1)

22,683 (37.7)

97,382 (36.2)

180,518 (37.3)

 85 to < 95 years

69,356 (46.1)

17,144 (35.0)

4,971 (32.6)

1,271 (29.0)

25,953 (43.2)

106,972 (39.7)

199,146 (41.1)

 ≥ 95 years

10,060 (6.7)

1,666 (3.4)

373 (2.4)

146 (3.3)

3,667 (6.1)

18,382 (6.8)

31,345 (6.5)

Sex, n (%)

 Female

102,095 (67.9)

24,146 (49.3)

6,909 (45.3)

2,487 (56.8)

38,325 (63.7)

181,256 (67.3)

319,244 (65.9)

 Male

48,280 (32.1)

24,858 (50.7)

8,354 (54.7)

1,895 (43.2)

21,807 (36.3)

88,035 (32.7)

165,276 (34.1)

Race/ethnicity, n (%)

 American Indian/Alaska Native

380 (0.3)

111 (0.2)

33 (0.2)

11 (0.3)

175 (0.3)

1,042 (0.4)

1,592 (0.3)

 Asian/Pacific islander

3,575 (2.4)

1,389 (2.8)

365 (2.4)

80 (1.8)

1,222 (2.0)

4,971 (1.8)

9,967 (2.1)

 Black

12,786 (8.5)

2,342 (4.8)

872 (5.7)

256 (5.8)

6,752 (11.2)

19,554 (7.3)

37,398 (7.7)

 Hispanic

8,344 (5.5)

2,320 (4.7)

679 (4.4)

153 (3.5)

2,944 (4.9)

11,164 (4.1)

22,233 (4.6)

 Non-Hispanic White

124,292 (82.7)

42,391 (86.5)

13,170 (86.3)

3,841 (87.7)

48,537 (80.7)

230,685 (85.7)

409,863 (84.6)

 Other

686 (0.5)

268 (0.5)

88 (0.6)

22 (0.5)

350 (0.6)

1,182 (0.4)

2,226 (0.5)

 Unknown

312 (0.2)

183 (0.4)

56 (0.4)

19 (0.4)

152 (0.3)

693 (0.3)

1,241 (0.3)

Socioeconomic information, n (%)

 Low-income statusb

54,762 (36.4)

13,943 (28.5)

4,129 (27.1)

1,158 (26.4)

24,280 (40.4)

81,179 (30.1)

156,457 (32.3)

 Not low-income statusc

95,613 (63.6)

35,061 (71.5)

11,134 (72.9)

3,224 (73.6)

35,852 (59.6)

188,112 (69.9)

328,063 (67.7)

Recorded dementia diagnosis occurred before psychosis diagnosis (index date), n (%)

 0 to 182 days

18,563 (12.3)

9,691 (19.8)

2,724 (17.8)

531 (12.1)

10,842 (18.0)

107,591 (40.0)

144,200 (29.8)

 183 to 365 days

8,793 (5.8)

3,746 (7.6)

1,011 (6.6)

237 (5.4)

3,949 (6.6)

24,737 (9.2)

39,287 (8.1)

 > 365 days

123,019 (81.8)

35,567 (72.6)

11,528 (75.5)

3,614 (82.5)

45,341 (75.4)

136,963 (50.9)

301,033 (62.1)

 Previous diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, yes, n (%)

26,936 (17.9)

9,696 (19.8)

3,627 (23.8)

1,092 (24.9)

10,481 (17.4)

28,441 (10.6)

66,197 (13.7)

Type of psychosis symptomatologyd at the index date, n (%)

 Hallucinations

29,859 (19.9)

17,408 (35.5)

5,801 (38.0)

1,042 (23.8)

11,870 (19.7)

59,089 (21.9)

108,793 (22.5)

 Delusions

14,757 (9.8)

3,059 (6.2)

1,036 (6.8)

500 (11.4)

6,671 (11.1)

16,097 (6.0)

35,968 (7.4)

 Both hallucinations and delusions

1,024 (0.7)

348 (0.7)

165 (1.1)

37 (0.8)

443 (0.7)

1,386 (0.5)

2,921 (0.6)

 Other, unspecified e

104,735 (69.6)

28,189 (57.5)

8,261 (54.1)

2,803 (64.0)

41,148 (68.4)

192,719 (71.6)

336,838 (69.5)

Charlson Comorbidity Index score, n (%)

 Mild, scores 1 to 2

13,254 (8.8)

5,108 (10.4)

1,753 (11.5)

547 (12.5)

3,080 (5.1)

34,931 (13.0)

54,382 (11.2)

 Moderate, scores 3 to 4

27,728 (18.4)

8,612 (17.6)

2,925 (19.2)

930 (21.2)

8,497 (14.1)

48,897 (18.2)

87,395 (18.0)

 Severe, scores ≥ 5

109,393 (72.7)

35,284 (72.0)

10,585 (69.4)

2,905 (66.3)

48,555 (80.7)

185,463 (68.9)

342,743 (70.7)

Frailty index (predicted probability of dependency), n (%)

 Mild, < 5%

5,913 (3.9)

1,149 (2.3)

499 (3.3)

334 (7.6)

2,112 (3.5)

34,183 (12.7)

43,011 (8.9)

 Moderate, 5% to < 20%

40,215 (26.7)

9,680 (19.8)

3,093 (20.3)

1,560 (35.6)

12,751 (21.2)

87,922 (32.6)

143,441 (29.6)

 Severe, ≥ 20%

104,247 (69.3)

38,175 (77.9)

11,671 (76.5)

2,488 (56.8)

45,269 (75.3)

147,186 (54.7)

298,068 (61.5)

Use of skilled nursing facility services within the 12 months prior to the index date, yes

41,220 (27.4)

14,584 (29.8)

4,523 (29.6)

1,042 (23.8)

21,422 (35.6)

67,236 (25.0)

128,907 (26.6)

Use of home health aide/nurse within the 12 months prior to the index date, yes

55,081 (36.6)

21,380 (43.6)

6,595 (43.2)

1,516 (34.6)

24,050 (40.0)

90,538 (33.6)

171,935 (35.5)

  1. Notes: Although a patient’s psychosis diagnosis was required to occur during the study period (2013–2018), all of a patient’s available Medicare data before their psychosis diagnosis, as far back as 1999, was used to define characteristics. Chronic conditions were evaluated using all of a patient’s available baseline data; short-term conditions, healthcare utilization, and comedications were evaluated in the year before the psychosis diagnosis to characterize the patients at the time of the psychosis diagnosis. Dementia types may not be mutually exclusive. A single patient may have received a diagnosis for more than one specific type of dementia
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, DLB dementia with Lewy bodies, FTD frontotemporal dementia, PDD Parkinson’s disease dementia, SD standard deviation, VD vascular dementia
  3. aPatients with only unspecified dementia codes without any specific type codes had a value of “yes” for the dementia, unspecified variable
  4. bDefined as patients having subsidized Part D coverage
  5. cDefined as patients having nonsubsidized Part D coverage
  6. dThe International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for defining the psychosis symptomatology are provided in the Additional File 1, Table S-1 and Table S-2
  7. eA patient was labeled as having “other, unspecified” symptoms if she or he had only unspecified codes for symptoms without a diagnosis of hallucinations or delusions
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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