Table 3 Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Control (n = 46) | Intervention (n = 46) | All (N = 92) |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Age, years (mean, SD) | 78.2 (8.1) | 73.7 (6.9) | 75.9 (7.8) |
Sex | |||
Female | 39 (84.8) | 39 (84.8) | 78 (84.8) |
Male | 7 (15.2) | 7 (15.2) | 14 (15.2) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 18 (39.1) | 23 (50) | 41 (44.6) |
Widowed | 23 (50) | 19 (41.3) | 42 (45.7) |
Divorced | 4 (8.7) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (6.5) |
Single | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (3.3) |
Education | |||
No schooling | 15 (32.6) | 4 (8.7) | 19 (20.7) |
Primary | 19 (41.3) | 23 (50) | 42 (45.7) |
Secondary | 11 (23.9) | 19 (41.3) | 30 (32.6) |
University | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
Employment | |||
Employed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Retired | 46 (100) | 46 (100) | 92 (100) |
Housing type | |||
Flat | 46 (100) | 46 (100) | 92 (100) |
Subdivided flat | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Cage Home | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Household | |||
Living alone | 13 (28.3) | 10 (21.7) | 23 (25) |
Living with elderly spouse | 9 (19.6) | 10 (21.7) | 19 (20.7) |
Living with family | 24 (52.2) | 26 (56.5) | 50 (54.3) |
Perceived economic status | |||
More than enough | 14 (30.4) | 9 (19.6) | 23 (25) |
Just enough | 31 (67.4) | 32 (69.6) | 63 (68.5) |
Not enough | 1 (2.2) | 4 (8.7) | 5 (5.4) |
Inadequate | 0 (0) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) |
Source of income | |||
Provided by family | 34 (73.9) | 23 (50) | 57 (62) |
Self-savings | 10 (21.7) | 11 (23.7) | 21 (22.8) |
Retirement pension | 4 (8.7) | 3 (6.5) | 7 (7.6) |
Comprehensive Social Security Assistance | 0 (0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (2.2) |
Old Age Living Allowance | 34 (73.9) | 29 (63) | 63 (68.5) |
Source of care | |||
Self | 37 (80.4) | 37 (80.4) | 74 (80.4) |
Spouse | 11 (23.9) | 9 (19.6) | 20 (21.7) |
Siblings | 0 (0) | 4 (8.7) | 4 (4.3) |
Children | 23 (50) | 23 (50) | 46 (50) |
Children in law | 4 (8.7) | 5 (10.9) | 9 (9.8) |
Volunteers | 3 (6.5) | 3 (6.5) | 6 (6.5) |
Domestic helpers | 8 (17.4) | 1 (2.2) | 9 (9.8) |
Frequency of care | |||
Always | 33 (71.7) | 21 (45.7) | 54 (58.7) |
Sometimes | 7 (15.2) | 10 (21.7) | 17 (18.5) |
Only at night | 2 (4.3) | 5 (10.9) | 7 (7.6) |
No help from others | 4 (8.7) | 10 (21.7) | 14 (15.2) |