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Table 3 Associations between physical performance and executive function-based neurocognitive tests

From: Differential associations between simple physical performance tests with global and specific cognitive functions in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional cohort study of Asian community-dwelling older adults

Neurocognitive tests/ physical performance tests

Models

TUG

FGS

30s-CST

β (95% CI)

P-values

R2change

β (95% CI)

P-values

R2change

β (95% CI)

P-values

R2change

Global Cognition- MMSE

Unadjusted

-0.214 (-0.27 to -0.157)

<0.001***

0.072 

-0.397 (-0.541 to -0.253)

<0.001***

0.040 

0.063 (0.032 to 0.094)

<0.001***

0.021 

 

Fully-adjusted

-0.116 (-0.177 to -0.055)

<0.001***

0.159 

-0.144 (-0.295 to 0.006)

0.061

0.179 

0.014 (-0.017 to 0.045)

0.376

0.195 

Digit span forward

Unadjusted

-0.09 (-0.162 to -0.017)

0.015*

0.008 

-0.214 (-0.395 to -0.034)

0.020*

0.008 

0.044 (0.005 to 0.083)

0.029*

0.007 

 

Fully-adjusted

-0.019 (-0.103 to 0.065)

0.654

0.037 

-0.06 (-0.266 to 0.146)

0.569

0.037 

0.015 (-0.027 to 0.058)

0.481

0.038 

Digit span backward

Unadjusted

-0.194 (-0.255 to -0.132)

<0.001***

0.051 

-0.39 (-0.544 to -0.235)

<0.001***

0.033 

0.063 (0.029 to 0.097)

<0.001***

0.018 

 

Fully-adjusted

-0.08 (-0.148 to -0.011)

0.023*

0.107 

-0.106 (-0.274 to 0.063)

0.218

0.120 

0.007 (-0.028 to 0.041)

0.711

0.134 

CTT 1

Unadjusted

3.012 (2.399 to 3.625)

<0.001***

0.115 

7.371 (5.833 to 8.909)

<0.001***

0.110 

-1.108 (-1.452 to -0.764)

<0.001***

0.053 

 

Fully-adjusted

1.713 (1.057 to 2.369)

<0.001***

0.166 

4.586 (2.982 to 6.19)

<0.001***

0.176 

-0.492 (-0.828 to -0.156)

0.004**

0.209 

CTT 2

Unadjusted

4.514 (3.477 to 5.552)

<0.001***

0.093 

11.707 (9.122 to 14.291)

<0.001***

0.100 

-1.767 (-2.343 to -1.191)

<0.001***

0.048 

 

Fully-adjusted

1.539 (0.445 to 2.633)

0.006**

0.190 

5.232 (2.56 to 7.904)

<0.001***

0.190 

-0.47 (-1.026 to 0.085)

0.097

0.230 

CTT Interference

Unadjusted

-0.027 (-0.044 to -0.009)

0.003**

0.012 

-0.039 (-0.083 to 0.005)

0.080

0.004 

0.013 (0.004 to 0.023)

0.007**

0.010 

 

Fully-adjusted

-0.032 (-0.053 to -0.012)

0.002**

0.030 

-0.051 (-0.102 to -0.001)

0.047

0.031 

0.015 (0.004 to 0.025)

0.005**

0.030 

  1. Notes: MMSE mini-mental state examination, CTT color trail test, TUG timed up and go test, FGS fast gait speed, 30s-CST 30-second chair stand test, β unstandardized beta-coefficient, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. * indicates p<0.05, ** indicates p<0.01, and *** indicates p<0.001
  3. Unadjusted: bivariate association between physical performance and neurocognitive tests
  4. Fully-adjusted: added age, sex, years of formal education, depressive and anxiety symptoms, body-mass index, consumption of prescription medicine, total number of morbidities, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and cognitive status. For TUG and FGS, a higher score indicates lower performance. Whereas for 30s-CST, a higher score indicates higher performance. For all cognitive tests, a higher score indicates better cognitive performance, except for only Color Trails Test (CTT) 1 & 2, in which a higher score indicates lower cognitive performance
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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