Defining the concepts of a smart nursing home and its potential technology utilities that integrate medical services and are acceptable to stakeholders: a scoping review

Zhao, Yuanyuan; Rokhani, Fakhrul Zaman; Sazlina, Shariff-Ghazali; Devaraj, Navin Kumar; Su, Jing; Chew, Boon-How

doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03424-6

Table 2 The codes of smart technologies

From: Defining the concepts of a smart nursing home and its potential technology utilities that integrate medical services and are acceptable to stakeholders: a scoping review

No	Authors and year	Country	Type of Publication	Study design	Application	Technologies related to ‘smartness’	Direct User	Function of Technology
1	Suzuki et al., 2006 [56]	Japan	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (only location)	IoT	Residents^a	Monitoring and notification of abnormal events
2	Fischer et al., 2008 [57]	Australia	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
3	Lin et al., 2008 [58]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
4	Betgé-Brezetz et al., 2009 [54]	USA	Conference paper	System design	Notification for specific events	Computing technologies	Residents
5	Biswas et al., 2009 [59]	Singapore	Book	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Sleeping monitoring)	IoT	Residents
6	Hu et al., 2009 [60]	USA	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	NH^b staffs
7	Fraile et al., 2010 [61]	Spain	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
8	Pallikonda Rajasekaran et al., 2010 [62]	India	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
9	Gower et al., 2011 [63]	Italy	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
10	Lee et al., 2011 [64]	South Korea	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
11	Sun, 2011 [65]	China	Book	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
12	Wu & Huang, 2011 [66]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
13	Back et al., 2012 [67]	Finland	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
14	Chang et al., 2012 [68]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
15	Chen & Li, 2012 [31]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
16	Nijhof et al., 2012 [69]	Netherlands	Journal article	Mixed methods	Monitoring abnormal events (Sleep/wake rhythm monitoring)	IoT	Residents
17	Ghorbel et al., 2013 [70]	France	Journal article	System design	Notification for specific events	Computing technologies	Residents
18	Huang et al., 2013 [71]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
19	Matsui et al., 2013 [72]	USA	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Computing technologies	Residents
20	Neuhaeuser & D'Angelo, 2013 [73]	Germany	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
21	Pan, 2013 [74]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
22	Tseng et al., 2013 [75]	USA	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
23	Abbate et al., 2014 [76]	Italy	Journal article	Experimental^c	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
24	Chu et al., 2014 [77]	China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
25	Liu & Hsu, 2014 [78]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Smart mattress)	IoT	Residents
26	Wang, 2014 [19]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
27	Zhu et al., 2014 [79]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Sleep monitoring)	IoT	Residents
28	Andò et al., 2015 [80]	Italy	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
29	Carvalho et al., 2015 [81]	France	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
30	Yu et al., 2015 [82]	UK	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
31	Danielsen, 2016 [83]	Norway	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
32	Dias et al., 2016 [84]	Brazil	Conference paper	System design	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
33	Lopez-Samaniego & Garcia-Zapirain, 2016 [85]	Spain	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
34	Ansefine et al., 2017 [86]	Indonesia	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
35	Jiang, 2017 [87]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
36	Mendes et al., 2017 [88]	Portugal	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Big data and AI	Residents
37	Mendoza et al., 2017 [89]	Philippines	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
38	Montanini et al., 2017 [90]	Italy	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Night monitoring of patients with dementia)	IoT	Residents
39	Saod et al., 2017 [91]	Malaysia	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
40	Singh et al., 2017 [92]	Austria	Conference paper	Qualitative	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
41	Wu et al., 2017 [93]	China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Computing technologies	Residents
42	Xie, 2017 [39]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Big data and AI	Residents
43	Bleda et al., 2018 [94]	Spain	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Smart mattress)	IoT	Residents
44	Donnelly et al., 2018 [95]	Ireland	Journal article	Qualitative	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
45	Gamberini et al., 2018 [11]	Italy	Book	Non-research article^d	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
46	Lee et al., 2018 [33]	South Korea	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
47	Mahfuz et al., 2018 [96]	Canada	Conference paper	System design	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
48	Morita et al., 2018 [97]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Big data and AI	Residents
49	Wu et al., 2018 [98]	China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
50	Borelli et al., 2019 [99]	Italy	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
51	Cai & Wang, 2019 [100]	China	Journal article	System design	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
52	Delmastro et al., 2019 [101]	Italy	Journal article	Experimental	Monitoring abnormal events	Cloud computing	Residents
53	Deng, 2019 [51]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
54	Fong et al., 2019 [102]	USA	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
55	Ghosh et al., 2019 [103]	India	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Big data and AI	Residents
56	Huang, 2019 [52]	China	Thesis	System design	Fall detection	Big data and AI	Residents
57	Huang et al., 2019 [12]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
58	Lenoir, 2019 [104]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
59	Shen, 2019 [105]	China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
60	Takahashi et al., 2019 [106]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (only location)	IoT	Residents
61	Tang et al., 2019 [37]	China	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
62	Toda & Shinomiya, 2019 [107]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
63	Xiao, 2019 [108]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events (Smart mattress)	IoT	Residents
64	Xu & Tuo, 2019 [108]	China	Journal article	Non-research article	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
65	Yoo et al., 2019 [109]	South Korea	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
66	Buisseret et al. 2020 [110]	Belgium	Journal article	System design	Fall prediction	Big data and AI	Residents
67	Chen et al. 2021 [111]	China	Conference paper	System design	Fall prediction	Big data and AI	Residents
68	Gharti 2020 [112]	Australia	Conference Paper	Non-research article	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
69	Lanza et al. 2020 [113]	Italy	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	Big data and AI	Residents
70	Lee et al. 2020 [114]	South Korea	Journal article	System design	Fall prediction	Big data and AI	HCPs^e
71	Mishkhal et al. 2020 [115]	Iraq	Conference paper	System design	Fall prediction	IoT	Residents
72	Suzuki et al. 2020 [56]	Japan	Journal article	Non-experimental^f	Fall prediction	Big data and AI	Residents
73	Wang, 2020 [38]	China	Thesis	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
74	Wan et al. 2021 [116]	China	Journal article	System design	Fall detection	IoT	Residents
75	Chen et al. 2021 [111, 117]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
76	Flores-Martin et al. 2021 [118]	Spain	Journal article	System design	Monitoring abnormal events	IoT	Residents
77	Chan et al., 2001 [119]	China	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents	Remote clinical services through digital health
78	Pallawala & Lun, 2001 [120]	Singapore	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
79	Weiner et al., 2001 [121]	USA	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
80	Hui & Woo, 2002 [122]	China	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
81	Savenstedt et al., 2002 [123]	Sweden	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
82	Weiner et al., 2003 [124]	USA	Conference paper	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
83	Zelickson, 2003 [125]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
84	Armer et al., 2004 [126]	USA	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
85	Savenstedt et al., 2004 [127]	Sweden	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
86	Daly et al., 2005 [128]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
87	Lavanya et al., 2006 [129]	Singapore	Conference paper	Non-experimental	Teledermatology (Clinical assessment system)	Digital health	Nurses and dermatologists
88	Loeb et al., 2006 [130]	Canada	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine (Mobile x-ray)	Digital health	Residents
89	Shulman et al., 2006 [131]	Canada	Conference paper	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
90	Cusack et al., 2008 [132]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
91	Janardhanan et al., 2008 [133]	Singapore	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
92	Biglan et al., 2009 [134]	USA	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
93	Chang et al., 2009 [135]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
94	Qadri et al., 2009 [136]	USA	Journal article	Mixed methods	Telemedicine (Clinical assessment system)	Digital health	Nurses
95	Chang et al., 2010 [137]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
96	Rabinowitz et al., 2010 [138]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
97	Wälivaara et al., 2011 [139]	Sweden	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
98	Eklund et al., 2012 [140]	Sweden	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine (Mobile X-ray)	Digital health	Residents
99	Gray et al., 2012 [141]	Australia	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
100	Handler et al., 2013 [142]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
101	Novak et al., 2013 [143]	USA	Conference paper	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
102	Vowden & Vowden, 2013 [144]	UK	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
103	Catic et al., 2014 [145]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
104	Grabowski & O'Malley, 2014 [146]	USA	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
105	Crotty et al., 2014 [147]	Australia	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
106	Doumbouya et al., 2015 [148]	France	Journal article	System design	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
107	F. Huang et al., 2015 [149]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
108	Montalto et al., 2015 [150]	Australia	Conference paper	Non-experimental	Telemedicine (Mobile X-ray)	Digital health	Residents
109	Toh et al., 2015b [151]	Singapore	Conference paper	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
110	Toh et al., 2015a [152]	Singapore	Conference paper	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
111	Volicer, 2015 [153]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
112	De Luca et al., 2016 [154]	Italy	Journal article	Experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
113	Dozet et al., 2016 [155]	Sweden	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine (Mobile X-ray)	Digital health	Residents
114	Driessen et al., 2016 [156]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
115	Gaglio et al., 2016 [157]	France	Conference paper	Qualitative	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
116	Gillespie et al., 2016 [158]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
117	Morley, 2016 [159]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
118	Schneider et al., 2016 [160]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
119	Kjelle & Lysdahl, 2017 [161]	Norway	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine (Mobile X-ray)	Digital health	Residents
120	Newbould et al., 2017 [162]	UK	Book	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
121	Queyroux et al., 2017 [163]	France	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
122	Delmastro et al., 2018 [101, 164]	Italy	Conference paper	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
123	Kjelle et al., 2018 [165]	Norway	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine (Mobile X-ray)	Digital health	Residents
124	Esteves et al., 2019 [166]	Portugal	Journal article	System design	Telemedicine	Digital health	HCPs
125	Gentry et al., 2019 [167]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
126	Ozkaynak et al., 2019 [168]	USA	Journal article	Qualitative	Telemedicine(Clinical assessment system)	Digital health	NH staffs
127	Shafiee Hanjani et al., 2019 [169]	Australia	Journal article	Mixed methods	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
128	Cormi et al. 2020 [170]	France	Journal article	Non-research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
129	Lai et al. 2020 [171]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Teleophthalmology	Digital health	Residents
130	Low et al. 2020 [172]	Singapore	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
131	Ohligs et al. 2020 [173]	Germany	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
132	Alexander et al. 2021 [174]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
133	Okamoto et al. 2021 [175]	USA	Conference paper	Non research article	Telemedicine	Digital health	Residents
134	Lenderink & Egberts, 2004 [176]	Netherlands	Journal article	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS^g	Nurses	Information management and decision making
135	Alexander, 2005 [177]	USA	Thesis	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	Administrative staffs
136	Byrne, 2005 [178]	USA	Thesis	Experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	NH staffs
137	Celler et al., 2006 [179]	Australia	Conference paper	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	NH staffs
138	Cherry, 2006 [180]	USA	Thesis	Qualitative	Information management and decision making	IMS	HCPs
139	Alexander et al., 2007 [181]	USA	Journal article	Qualitative	Information management and decision making	IMS	NH staffs
140	Alexander, 2008 [182]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	NH staffs
141	Breen & Zhang, 2008 [183]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Information management and decision making	IMS	Nurses and other medical practitioners
142	Yu et al., 2008 [184]	China	Journal article	Mixed methods	Information management and decision making	IMS	Caregivers
143	Sax & Lawrence, 2009 [185]	Australia	Conference paper	System design	Information management and decision making	IMS	Nurses
144	Scott-Cawiezell et al., 2009 [186]	USA	Journal article	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	Practitioners, nursing staffs, medication administrators and NH leadership
145	Ohol, 2010 [187]	USA	Thesis	System design	Information management and decision making	IMS	Clinical staffs
146	Matusitz et al., 2013 [53]	USA	Journal article	Non-research article	Information management and decision making	IMS	Healthcare practitioners
147	Alexander et al., 2015 [188]	USA	Journal article	Qualitative	Information management and decision making	IMS	Clinical staffs
148	Z. Huang et al., 2015 [189]	China	Journal article	System design	Information management and decision making	IMS	NH staffs and administration
149	Wang, 2016 [190]	China	Journal article	Non-research article	Information management and decision making	IMS	HCPs and administration
150	Zhang, 2017 [191]	China	Thesis	System design	Information management and decision making	IMS	Doctors, nurses and caregivers
151	Xie, 2016 [192]	China	Thesis	System design	Information management and decision making	IMS	Caregivers
152	Ausserhofer et al. 2021 [193]	Switzerland	Journal article	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	Care workers and nurses
153	Kei Hong et al. 2021 [194]	China	Journal article	Non-experimental	Information management and decision making	IMS	HCPs
154	Masuda & Numao, 2017 [195]	Japan	Conference paper	System design	Clinical data anaylsis (Diagnosis)	IoT	Residents	Clinical data analysis by AI
155	Roh & Park, 2017 [35]	South Korea	Journal article	System design	Quality of Life measurements	Big data and AI	HCPs
156	González et al., 2019 [196]	Spain	Journal article	System design	Clinical data anaylsis (frailty and cognition status)	IoT	HCPs
157	Kokubo & Kamiya, 2019 [197]	USA	Conference paper	Non-experimental	A new signal parameter estimation algorithm for vital signs monitoring	Big data and AI	HCPs
158	Ambagtsheer et al., 2020 [198]	Australia	Journal article	Non-experimental	Identifying frailty by using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms	Big data and AI	HCPs
159	Hsu et al., 2010 [199]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	System design	ADLs assistance (Pillbox)	IoT	Residents	Activities of daily living (ADLs^h) assistance
160	Chang et al., 2011 [200]	Taiwan, China	Journal article	System design	ADLs assistance (Pillbox)	IoT	Residents
161	Sun et al., 2015 [50]	China	Journal article	System design	ADLs assistance (Intelligent robot)	Computing technologies	Residents
162	Tsai et al., 2017 [201]	Taiwan, China	Conference paper	System design	ADLs assistance (Pillbox)	IoT	Residents

^a Residents Nursing home residents
^b NH Nursing home
^cExperimental study: The intervention or implementation of smart technologies with one or more control variables of the research subjects conducted in nursing home setting to measure or compare the effect of this manipulation on the users or medical outcomes
^dNon-research article: Non-original research articles such as review, perspective, controversies, and editorial
^e HCPs Healthcare professionals
^fNon-experimental study: No control, manipulate or prediction of intervention and implementation of smart technologies, and the conclusion came through the interpretation, observation or interactions
^g IMS Information management system
^h ADLs Activities of daily living

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcgeriatrics@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Geriatrics

Contact us