Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample, stratified by gender
From: Sensory and motor correlates of frailty: dissociation between frailty phenotype and frailty index
|  | All (n = 44) | Female (n = 32) | Male (n = 12) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD | 80.4 ± 5.5 | 80.8 ± 5.4 | 79.4 ± 6.0 | 0.462 |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 28.5 ± 6.4 | 30.0 ± 6.7 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 0.015 |
MMSE, mean ± SD | 28.7 ± 1.5 | 28.9 ± 1.4 | 28.3 ± 1.7 | 0.267 |
CES-D, mean ± SD | 16.0 ± 8.3 | 17.4 ± 8.5 | 12.4 ± 6.6 | 0.077 |
Visual acuity, logMAR, mean ± SD | 0.19 ± 0.17 | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.059 |
Hearing threshold, dB, mean ± SD | 33.3 ± 12.0 | 32.9 ± 11.7 | 34.5 ± 13.2 | 0.805 |
Mechanical detection threshold, mN, mean ± SD | 0.74 ± 1.04 | 0.67 ± 0.80 | 0.91 ± 1.53 | 0.490 |
PPT score, mean ± SD | 9.8 ± 2.3 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 1.8 | 0.924 |
SPPB score, mean ± SD | 7.4 ± 2.3 | 6.8 ± 2.2 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 0.003 |
FP criteria, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.630 |
FP criteria (number), n (%) | ||||
 1 | 8 (18.2) | 6 (18.8) | 2 (16.7) | - |
 2 | 20 (45.5) | 13 (40.6) | 7 (58.3) | - |
 3 | 13 (29.5) | 11 (34.4) | 2 (16.7) | - |
 4 | 3 (6.8) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (8.3) | - |
 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
FP criteria (type), n (%) | ||||
 Weight loss | 11 (25.0) | 6 (18.8) | 5 (41.7) | 0.118 |
 Exhaustion | 23 (52.3) | 16 (50.0) | 7 (58.3) | 0.622 |
 Physical activity | 6 (13.6) | 5 (15.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.530 |
 Slow gait speed | 28 (63.6) | 21 (65.6) | 7 (58.3) | 0.654 |
 Low grip strength | 31 (70.5) | 25 (78.1) | 6 (50.0) | 0.069 |
Categories according to the FP, n (%) | ||||
 Pre-frail | 28 (63.6) | 19 (59.4) | 9 (75.0) | 0.337 |
 Frail | 16 (36.4) | 13 (40.6) | 3 (25.0) | |
 FI, mean ± SD | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 0.25 ± 0.08 | 0.17 ± 0.06 | 0.005 |
Categories according to the FI, n (%) | ||||
 Pre-frail | 27 (61.4) | 16 (50.0) | 11 (91.7) | 0.011 |
 Frail | 17 (38.6) | 16 (50.0) | 1 (8.3) | |