Skip to main content

Table 2 Gait variables of the MCI (n = 32), dementia (n = 31), and cognitively intact (n = 30) groups in single- and dual-task walking (Adjusted means ± standard error)

From: Quantitative gait analysis in mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitively intact individuals: a cross-sectional case–control study

Gait variables

Single-task walking

Dual-task walking

P-value **

MCI

Dementia

Cognitively intact

η2p

P-value *

Post-hoc

MCI

Dementia†

Cognitively intact

η2p

P-value *

Post-hoc

MCI

Dementia

Cognitively intact

Foot rotation angle (deg)

9.18 ± 1.04

11.36 ± 1.08

9.10 ± 1.14

0.031

0.258

N/A

9.38 ± 1.13

12.07 ± 1.27

9.62 ± 1.23

0.035

0.237

N/A

0.441

0.026

0.233

Step length (cm)

48.52 ± 1.36

42.58 ± 1.41

51.94 ± 1.49

0.189

 < 0.001

a, c

44.58 ± 1.62

38.30 ± 1.82

48.38 ± 1.77

0.155

0.001

a, c

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Stride length (cm)

97.04 ± 2.72

85.15 ± 2.81

103.88 ± 2.97

0.189

 < 0.001

a, c

89.17 ± 3.24

76.61 ± 3.64

96.76 ± 3.54

0.155

0.001

a, c

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Step width (cm)

11.59 ± 0.47

12.04 ± 0.49

10.65 ± 0.52

0.039

0.174

N/A

12.09 ± 0.56

13.14 ± 0.62

11.07 ± 0.61

0.060

0.078

N/A

0.038

 < 0.001

0.827

Stance phase (%GC)

67.24 ± 0.57

69.78 ± 0.59

67.05 ± 0.63

0.126

0.003

a, c

69.08 ± 0.80

72.23 ± 0.89

68.51 ± 0.87

0.110

0.008

a, c

0.002

 < 0.001

0.043

Loading response (%GC)

17.11 ± 0.58

19.78 ± 0.60

17.09 ± 0.63

0.130

0.002

a, c

19.12 ± 0.79

22.35 ± 0.88

18.68 ± 0.86

0.113

0.007

a, c

0.001

 < 0.001

0.016

Single support phase (%GC)

32.89 ± 0.57

30.28 ± 0.59

32.94 ± 0.62

0.131

0.002

a, c

30.82 ± 0.77

27.68 ± 0.87

31.23 ± 0.85

0.110

0.008

a, c

0.001

 < 0.001

0.007

Pre-swing (%GC)

17.00 ± 0.56

19.55 ± 0.58

16.87 ± 0.61

0.131

0.002

a, c

19.07 ± 0.79

22.05 ± 0.88

18.55 ± 0.86

0.101

0.013

a, c

0.001

 < 0.001

0.005

Swing phase (%GC)

32.76 ± 0.57

30.22 ± 0.59

32.95 ± 0.63

0.126

0.003

a, c

30.92 ± 0.80

27.77 ± 0.89

31.49 ± 0.87

0.110

0.008

a, c

0.002

 < 0.001

0.042

Double support phase (%GC)

34.03 ± 1.14

39.27 ± 1.18

33.79 ± 1.24

0.133

0.002

a, c

38.06 ± 1.58

44.17 ± 1.77

37.17 ± 1.72

0.103

0.012

a, c

0.001

 < 0.001

0.007

Step time (s)

0.59 ± 0.02

0.63 ± 0.02

0.58 ± 0.02

0.053

0.092

N/A

0.76 ± 0.04

0.88 ± 0.04

0.73 ± 0.04

0.075

0.042

N/D

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Stride time (s)

1.17 ± 0.03

1.26 ± 0.03

1.16 ± 0.03

0.053

0.093

N/A

1.51 ± 0.08

1.75 ± 0.09

1.46 ± 0.08

0.076

0.039

N/D

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Cadence (steps/min)

103.81 ± 2.34

97.70 ± 2.42

104.55 ± 2.56

0.050

0.108

N/A

85.80 ± 3.06

75.66 ± 3.43

88.33 ± 3.34

0.085

0.026

c

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Gait Speed (m/s)

0.84 ± 0.04

0.69 ± 0.04

0.89 ± 0.04

0.147

0.001

a, c

0.65 ± 0.04

0.50 ± 0.04

0.73 ± 0.04

0.156

0.001

a, c

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  1. %GC: Percent of gait cycle; η2p: Partial Eta square; †number of participants was reduced to n = 26 due to some individuals being unable to perform the dual-task
  2. * P-value tested by the one way ANCOVA using age, sex, and BMI as covariates, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc correction between a: MCI and Dementia, b: MCI and Cognitively intact, and c: Dementia and Cognitively intact; N/A: not assessed; N/D: no difference
  3. ** P-value tested by the Paired t-test between single- and dual-task walking in each group of the participants; Bold values demonstrated significant difference at P < 0.05 for One-way ANCOVA and P < 0.004 for Paired t-test
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us