Table 4 Gait parameters at fast speed by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score

 1. Velocity [cm/s]

172.4 ± 22.1

152.5 ± 23.2

123.8 ± 22.2

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 2. Stride length [cm]

152.2 ± 17.9

140.0 ± 17.4

121.6 ± 18.3

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 3. Walk ratio^a [cm/(steps/min)]

0.56 ± 0.09

0.54 ± 0.09

0.50 ± 0.09

< 0.001

0.008

< 0.001

< 0.001

 4. Single support time [ms]

352 ± 28

355 ± 32

365 ± 33

< 0.001

0.208

< 0.001

0.003

 5. Double support time [ms]

182 ± 37

216 ± 49

263 ± 58

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 6. Step width^b [cm]

9.0 ± 2.8

9.2 ± 2.9

10.6 ± 3.7

< 0.001

0.478

< 0.001

< 0.001

 7. Step width^b CV^c [%]

25.7 ± 14.7

27.4 ± 17.7

24.8 ± 14.0

0.221

0.286

0.576

0.088

 8. Stride length CV^c [%]

2.8 ± 1.7

3.6 ± 1.8

4.2 ± 2.0

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.001