Efficacy of care manager-led support for family caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study

Table 1 Participants’ baseline characteristics

	Intervention group (n = 27)		Control group (n = 26)		P-Value
Participants
Age, mean (SD)	67.3	(11.3)	65.7	(10.6)	0.737^a
Gender, n (%)
Male	8	(29.6)	6	(23.1)	0.757^b
Female	18	(70.4)	20	(76.9)	0.757^b
Relationship with person with dementia, n (%)
Partner including spouse	12	(44.4)	10	(38.5)	0.905^b
Child	13	(48.1)	14	(53.8)
Child’s partner including spouse	2	(7.4)	2	(7.7)
Older PWD cared by participants
ADL: Barthel Index, mean (SD)	64.8	(23.4)	63.7	(11.3)	0.873^a
The severity of dementia^a, n (%)
Moderate dementia	14	(51.9)	16	(61.5)	0.481^b
Severe dementia	13	(48.1)	10	(38.5)	0.481^b
NPI-Q total symptom score, mean (SD)	7.4	(4.6)	7.3	(7.2)	0.927^a
NPI-Q distress score, mean (SD)	8.6	(6.7)	8.3	(9.9)	0.896^a

SD standard deviation, PWD people with dementia, ADL activities of daily living, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire
^†The severity of dementia: It was classified as follows based on “Criteria for determination of the daily life independence level of the elderly with dementia “defined by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan). There are five levels in the original levels (Grade I to IV, and M)
- Moderate dementia (the original level Grade II); symptoms, behavior, or difficulty in communication that interfere with the person’s daily life are observed to some degree, but can live independently if someone will look after
- Severe dementia (Grade III or higher); symptoms, behavior, or difficulty in communication that interfere with the person’s daily life are observed once a while or frequently, and require care”
^aStudent t-test, ^bchi-square test

ISSN: 1471-2318