Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the sample (n = 1510, missing EQ-5D-5L Index = 358 (24%))
From: Life-space, frailty, and health-related quality of life
EQ-5D-5L Index | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (n = 1510) | Missing Quality of life (Both measures) | P | < 0.70 (n = 324) | 0.70 to 0.80 (n = 428) | > 0.80 (n = 400) | P | |
n or mean | n or mean | n or mean | n or mean | n or mean | |||
Men | 625 (41%) | 27 (2%) | 0.305 | 133 (43%) | 178 (43%) | 172 (44%) | 0.875 |
EQ-Visual Analogue Scale (SD) | 78.6 (15.6) | 78.6 (16.4) | 79.1 (15.5) | 78.7 (15.4) | 0.928 | ||
Life-space (score, SD) | 65.7 (17.5) | 82 (53.7) | 0.186 | 64.7 (18.5) | 66.3 (17.4) | 65.5 (17.6) | 0.585 |
Frailty index (SD) | 0.15 (0.13) | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.005 | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.14 (0.12) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.447 |
Age (years, SD) | 78 (6.2) | 78 (6.0) | 0.488 | 78 (6.4) | 78 (5.9) | 78 (6.2) | 0.774 |
Multimorbidity (count, SD) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.3) | 0.039 | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.488 |
IMD (deprivation score, SD) | 16.6 (9.1) | 17.9 (8.9) | 0.226 | 15.8 (8.5) | 17.1 (9.6) | 17.0 (9.1) | 0.125 |
Education | |||||||
Up to primary | 213 (14%) | 12 (1%) | 0.44 | 50 (16%) | 52 (12%) | 58 (15%) | 0.679 |
Up to secondary | 313 (21%) | 21 (1%) | 62 (19%) | 89 (21%) | 83 (21%) | ||
Degree level | 968 (64%) | 47 (3%) | 210 (65%) | 285 (67%) | 251 (64%) | ||
Occupational skill level | |||||||
Level 1 | 81 (5%) | 6 (0.4%) | 0.068 | 21 (7%) | 21 (5%) | 22 (6%) | 0.446 |
Level 2 | 237 (16%) | 13 (1%) | 46 (14%) | 59 (14%) | 68 (17%) | ||
Level 3 | 246 (16%) | 20 (1%) | 41 (13%) | 70 (16%) | 67 (17%) | ||
Level 4 | 935 (62%) | 39 (3%) | 215 (67%) | 276 (65%) | 242 (61%) | ||
NOK contact (in person) | |||||||
Daily or weekly | 1099 (73%) | 63 (4%) | 0.411 | 237 (75%) | 325 (76%) | 286 (72%) | 0.485 |
Monthly | 211 (14%) | 8 (1%) | 44 (14%) | 57 (14%) | 61 (15%) | ||
Yearly or less | 167 (11%) | 7 (0.5%) | 35 (11%) | 37 (9%) | 48 (12%) | ||
NOK contact (by phone) | |||||||
Daily or weekly | 1026 (68%) | 53 (5%) | 0.231 | 222 (88%) | 299 (91%) | 267 (86%) | 0.372 |
Monthly | 97 (6%) | 3 (0.3%) | 21 (8%) | 22 (7%) | 34 (11%) | ||
Yearly or less | 40 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (4%) | 9 (3%) | 11 (4%) | ||
Care package | |||||||
None | 1413 (94%) | 73 (5%) | 0.632 | 303 (94%) | 405 (95%) | 370 (93%) | 0.706 |
Weekly | 26 (2%) | 2 (0.1%) | 4 (1%) | 7 (2%) | 8 (2%) | ||
Daily or more | 68 (5%) | 5 (0.3%) | 16 (5%) | 16 (4%) | 22 (6%) | ||
Smoking status | |||||||
Never | 640 (42%) | 30 (2%) | 0.447 | 144 (45%) | 179 (42%) | 170 (43%) | 0.907 |
Ex-smoker | 774 (51%) | 43 (3%) | 160 (50%) | 226 (53%) | 203 (51%) | ||
Current | 91 (6%) | 7 (0.5%) | 19 (6%) | 23 (5%) | 25 (6%) | ||
Alcohol intake | |||||||
Daily | 534 (35%) | 30 (2%) | 0.12 | 110 (39%) | 140 (41%) | 149 (44%) | 0.754 |
Weekly | 458 (30%) | 16 (1%) | 112 (40%) | 134 (39%) | 120 (35%) | ||
Monthly or less | 267 (18%) | 18 (1%) | 60 (21%) | 71 (21%) | 71 (21%) | ||
Distance from NOK (miles, SD) | 201.9 (1299.2) | 299 (1242.9) | 0.507 | 120.2 (595.3) | 151.1 (1088.2) | 207.1 (1074.2) | 0.478 |