Table 3 Changes in functional independence and key outcomes over the 8-week exercise intervention
From: Promoting independence in Lewy body dementia through exercise: the PRIDE study
n | Pre – Intervention Median (range) | Post-Intervention Median (range) | Wa | Sig | Median change score (95% Hodges-Lehmann CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional Independence | ||||||
MDS-UPDRS total /260 | 6 | 78.5 (45–180) | 72.5 (33–157) | -2.207 | 0.027 | -8 ( -17.5, -2) |
Part I/II sub-score /104 | 24.5 (13–84) | 30.5 (10–69) | -1.153 | 0.074 | -3.5 (-10.5, 6) | |
Part III sub-score / 132 | 53 (32–88) | 41 (23–79) | -1.153 | 0.249 | -7.5 (-12, 1) | |
Part IV /24 | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–9) | 1.00 | 0.317 | 0 (0, 0.5) | |
FIM total score /126 | 6 | 107 (25–121) | 109.5 (19–122) | 0.315 | 0.752 | 1 (-5, 5.5) |
Strength & Physical Function | ||||||
Leg press 1RM, N | 5 | 1250 (1080–3000) | 2000 (1800–3350) | 2.023 | 0.043 | 600 (350, 850) |
Leg extension 1RM, N·m | 5 | 210 (140–570) | 330 (280–720) | 2.023 | 0.043 | 137 (120, 160) |
Triceps extension 1RM, N | - | - | - | - | - | |
SPPB total score, /12 | 6 | 8 (0–12) | 12 (0–12) | 1.857 | 0.063 | 2 (0, 4) |
Sub-scores: | ||||||
Balance, /4 | 4 (0–4) | 4 (0–4) | 1 | 0.317 | 0 (0, 1) | |
Gait, /4 | 3.5 (0—4) | 4 (0–4) | 1.414 | 0.157 | 0.5 (0, 1) | |
Sit-to-stand, /4 | 1.5 (0–4) | 4 (0–4) | 1.841 | 0.068 | 1 (0, 3) | |
Habitual gait speed, ms−1 | 5 | 0.83 (0.5–1.09) | 1.01 (0.61–1.39) | 1.826 | 0.068 | 0.15 (0, 0.3) |
Maximal gait speed, ms−1 | 5 | 1.5 (0.94–2.38) | 1.83 (1.07–2.25) | 1.625 | 0.104 | 0.19 (-0.13, 0.71) |
Five time sit-to-stand, s | 5 | 11.5 (8.1–19.9) | 9.6 (6.7–14.9) | -2.023 | 0.043 | -3.0 (-5.0, -1.0) |
Total balance time, s | 6 | 61.5 (0.0–83.4) | 65.5 (0.0–84.3) | 2.203 | 0.043 | 3.0 (0.4, 7.9) |
Average grip strength, kg | - | - | - | - | - | |
Six-minute walk, m | 5 | 505 (217–727) | 458 (255–789) | 0.674 | 0.5 | 44 (-63, 62) |
Physical activity | ||||||
Total daily activity, g/hr | 6 | 116.7 (34.7–186.6) | 118.7 (37.4–197.4) | 0.105 | 0.917 | 1.99 (-12.7, 17.4) |
Proportion of day, % | 10.3 (4.75–17.2) | 11.5 (4.01–16.9) | 0.524 | 0.6 | 0.3 (-0.8, 1.5) | |
Daily walking time, mins | 49.5 (6.6–139.2) | 51 (1.8–160.2) | 1.153 | 0.249 | 6.96 (-10.3, 18.5) | |
Proportion of day, % | 3.45 (0.45–9.68) | 3.53 (0.11–11.11) | 1.153 | 0.249 | 0.5 (-0.7, 1.3) | |
Step count, n | 4617 (455–9327) | 4884 (80–11,772) | 0.734 | 0.463 | 528 (-1889, 2632) | |
Total bouts of walking, n | 163.5 (29.5–317) | 190 (5–341) | 1.153 | 0.249 | 23 (-3.25, 29.5) | |
Bout lengths | ||||||
5 to 10 s, n | 89 (19–173) | 92 (3–164) | -0.105 | 0.917 | -1 (-12.5, 10) | |
10 to 20 s, n | 47.5 (7–79) | 66.5 (2–98) | 1.782 | 0.075 | 11 (-2, 21.5) | |
20 to 30 s, n | 13.5 (2.5–28) | 16.5 (0–26) | 0.105 | 0.916 | 0.25 (-2.25, 5) | |
30 to 60 s, n | 8 (1–23) | 10 (0–33) | 1.393 | 0.173 | 3.5 (-2, 9.5) | |
60 to 120 s, n | 2 (0–11) | 2.5 (0–12) | 0.68 | 0.496 | 1 (-1.5, 2) | |
≥ 120 s, n | 0.5 (0–6) | 0 (0–10) | 0.272 | 0.785 | 0 (-2, 2.5) | |
Cognition | ||||||
PD-CRS total score /134 | 6 | 62.5 (10–77) | 68.5 (16–102) | 2.207 | 0.027 | 8 (4, 17.5) |
Posterior-cortical /30 | 26.5 (4–29) | 29 (9 -30) | 1.841 | 0.066 | 2 (0, 4) | |
Fronto-cortical /104 | 36 (6–48) | 40 (7–73) | 1.892 | 0.058 | 6.5 (0, 17) | |
MMSE total score /30 | 6 | 21.5 (3–26) | 25 (11–29) | 2.207 | 0.027 | 4.5 (1.5, 7.5) |