Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (N = 140)

Age, years

70.21

10.84

29–96

Gender

  Male

37

26.4

  Female

103

73.6

BMI, kg/m²

25.37

4.11

14.8–36.5

Education

  ≤ Elementary school

46

32.8

  Junior/Senior High school

70

50.0

  College or above

24

17.2

Disease duration (years)

5.94

5.54

0.1–30

Other chronic diseases

  No

40

28.6

  Yes

100

71.4

Taking analgesics

  No

78

55.7

  Yes

62

44.3

Physical therapy

  No

84

60

  Yes

56

40

Intra-articular injection

  No

12

8.6

  Yes

128

91.4

Knee joint surgery

  No

90

64.3

  Yes

50

35.7

Disease severity (K-L GS)

2.52

0.81

1–4

  Level 1

9

6.4

  Level 2

68

48.6

  Level 3

44

31.4

  Level 4

19

13.6