Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by sensory impairment status
Baseline characteristics | Total | NSI | VI-only | HI-only | DSI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 113,563 | 96,297 | 2,973 | 13,560 | 733 | Â |
Age, mean(SD), years | 56.8(8.09) | 56.3(8.08) | 58.3(7.60) | 59.9(7.51) | 60.9(6.88) |  < 0.001 |
Gender, N(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.026 |
Female | 61,849(54.5) | 52,574(54.6) | 1,649(55.5) | 7,228(53.3) | 398(54.3) | Â |
Male | 51,714(45.5) | 43,723(45.4) | 1,324(44.5) | 6,332(46.7) | 335(45.7) | Â |
Ethnicity, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
White | 102,139(89.9) | 88,283(91.7) | 2,619(88.1) | 10,690(78.8) | 547(74.6) | Â |
Others | 11,424(10.1) | 8,014(8.32) | 354(11.9) | 2,870(21.2) | 186(25.4) | Â |
Townsend Index, mean(SD) | -0.99(2.98) | -1.11(2.92) | -0.47(3.21) | -0.30(3.22) | 0.48(3.43) |  < 0.001 |
Education, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
College/University degree | 39,866(35.1) | 35,123(36.5) | 869(29.2) | 3,728(27.5) | 146(19.9) | Â |
Without College/University degree | 73,697(64.9) | 61,174(63.5) | 2,104(70.8) | 9,832(72.5) | 587(80.1) | Â |
Obesity, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
No | 85,287(75.5) | 72,902(76.1) | 2,205(74.9) | 9,682(72.0) | 498(69.5) | Â |
Yes | 27,683(24.5) | 22,961(24.0) | 739(25.1) | 3,764(28.0) | 219(30.5) | Â |
Smoking status, N(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.146 |
Never | 62,671(55.4) | 53,271(55.5) | 1,647(55.6) | 7,373(54.7) | 380(52.4) | Â |
Prior/current | 50,488(44.6) | 42,733(44.5) | 1,313(44.4) | 6,097(45.3) | 345(47.6) | Â |
Above moderate/vigorous/walking recommendation, N(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.032 |
No | 16,386(17.6) | 13,990(17.6) | 404(16.9) | 1,869(17.8) | 123(22.0) | Â |
Yes | 76,516(82.4) | 65,472(82.4) | 1,994(83.2) | 8,615(82.2) | 435(78.0) | Â |
History of hyperlipidemia, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
No | 61,024(53.7) | 52,514(54.5) | 1,587(53.4) | 6,600(48.7) | 323(44.1) | Â |
Yes | 52,539(46.3) | 43,783(45.5) | 1,386(46.6) | 6,960(51.3) | 410(55.9) | Â |
History of hypertension, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
No | 29,195(25.7) | 25,726(26.7) | 656(22.1) | 2,696(19.9) | 117(16.0) | Â |
Yes | 84,368(74.3) | 70,571(73.3) | 2,317(77.9) | 10,864(80.1) | 616(84.0) | Â |
History of diabetes mellitus, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
No | 106,223(93.5) | 90,730(94.2) | 2,751(92.5) | 12,108(89.3) | 634(86.5) | Â |
Yes | 7,340(6.46) | 5,567(5.78) | 222(7.47) | 1,452(10.7) | 99(13.5) | Â |
History of cancer, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
No | 104,123(92.0) | 88,524(92.2) | 2,708(91.4) | 12,232(90.6) | 659(90.7) | Â |
Yes | 9,110(8.05) | 7,513(7.82) | 256(8.64) | 1,273(9.43) | 68(9.3) | Â |
Overall health status, N(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
Excellent/good | 81,853(72.4) | 70,720(73.7) | 2,020(68.4) | 8,684(64.6) | 429(59.1) | Â |
Fair/poor | 31,274(27.6) | 25,272(26.3) | 935(31.6) | 4,770(35.4) | 297(40.9) | Â |