Table 2 Multivariate analysis comparing characteristics of natural teeth & denture-wearing vs edentulous older adults

Age

72.9 ± 6.8

0.92 (0.88-0.96)

<  0.001

1.03 (0.92-1.2)

0.597

0.95 (0.92-0.99)

0.011

1.03 (0.95-1.1)

0.474

Male

37 (44.6)

1.5 (0.88-2.4)

0.143

0.87 (0.34-2.2)

0.760

0.80 (0.51-1.3)

0.342

0.38 (0.17-0.86)

0.020

Education (years)

3.3 ± 3.6

0.93 (0.86-0.99)

0.047

0.99 (0.77-1.04)

0.163

0.95 (0.90-1.01)

0.062

0.91 (0.84-0.98)

0.015

Cognitive impairment

16 (19.3)

0.28 (0.13-0.60)

0.001

0.14 (0.03-0.75)

0.022

0.56 (0.31-1.01)

0.052

0.29 (0.10-0.84)

0.023

EQ-VAS

75.8 ± 20.6

1.03 (1.01-1.05)

<  0.001

1.02 (0.99-1.1)

0.145

1.02 (1.01-1.04)

0.001

1.02 (0.99-1.04)

0.143

Grip strength

21.6 ± 5.7

1.04 (0.99-1.09)

0.112

1.04 (0.97-1.1)

0.302

0.99 (0.96-1.04)

0.846

1.02 (0.95-1.08)

0.606

TUG

12.5 ± 4.7

0.95 (0.87-1.03)

0.221

1.2 (0.98-1.4)

0.083

0.99 (0.93-1.06)

0.803

1.11 (1.0-1.3)

0.053

BMI

24.4 ± 4.3

1.02 (0.96-1.1)

0.501

1.1 (0.95-1.2)

0.278

0.99 (0.93-1.07)

0.862

1.02 (0.93-1.2)

0.640

Multimorbidity

89.0 ± 12.8

0.90 (0.55-1.5)

0.690

1.3 (0.49-3.3)

0.622

1.01 90.64-1.6)

0.949

1.6 (0.73-3.6)

0.236

Ethnicity

0.352

0.761

0.002

0.096

 Chinese

44 (53.0)

1.0

–

1.0

–

1.0

–

1.0

–

 Malay

59 (71.1)

1.7 (0.74-3.9)

0.210

1.3 (0.28-6.0)

0.745

0.39 (0.17-0.88)

0.31 (0.85-1.3)

0.107

 Indian

8 (9.6)

1.6 (0.69-3.7)

0.276

1.4 (0.31-6.3)

0.665

0.37 (0.16-0.83)

0.31 (0.08-1.2)

0.099

 Others

8 (9.6)

1.7 (0.71-3.8)

0.241

2.5 (0.43-15.3)

0.306

0.34 (0.15-0.78)

0.33 (0.09-1.3)

0.103

FRAIL

8 (9.6)

0.001

0.004

0.005

0.005

Robust

39 (47.0)

5.8 (2.2-15.1)

<  0.001

30.0 (4.0-223)

0.001

3.1 (1.6-6.3)

0.001

7.5 (2.1-2.03)

0.002

Pre-Frail

31 (37.3)

4.0 (1.5-10.6)

0.005

13.7 (2.1-91)

0.007

2.7 (1.3-5.5)

0.007

6.1 (1.8-20.7)

0.003

Frail

13 (15.7)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

≥ 1 IADL Impairment

45 (54.2)

0.61 (0.37-1.01)

0.058

0.46 (0.17-1.2)

0.123

0.54 (0.34-0.85)

0.008

0.47 (0.21-1.04)

0.063

≥ 1 ADL Impairment

21 (25.3)

0.74 (0.4-1.3)

0.325

2.0 (0.52-2.7)

0.309

0.62 (0.37-1.06)

0.080

1.2 (0.38-3.7)

0.765

≥ 2 falls

8 (9.6)

1.07 (0.46-2.5)

0.871

0.79 (0.23-2.7)

0.709

0.90 (0.42-2.0)

0.795

0.65 (0.22-1.9)

0.427

fatigued

16 (19.3)

1.01 (0.53-1.9)

0.964

1.2 (0.36-3.7)

0.808

0.62 (0.35-1.1)

0.105

0.77 (0.31-1.9)

0.566

Weight loss > 5% over 6 months

13 (15.7)

1.1 (0.56-2.3)

0.743

0.68 (0.18-2.5)

0.565

1.3 (0.67-2.4)

0.475

0.61 (0.19-2.0)

0.414

Smoking history

23 (27.7)

1.3 (0.74-2.2)

0.373

1.2 (0.40-3.7)

0.734

1.0 (0.60-1.6)

1.0

1.4 (0.55-3.5)

0.497