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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios for preserved HGS across the physical activity guideline adherence categories

From: The association of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises with the handgrip strength of middle-aged and elderly Korean adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Model 1 (unadjusted)

Model 2 (adjusted)

 

a Unadjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)

p value

b Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)

p value

Male

 Age 40 − 49 years

 Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.011 (0.968 − 1.054)

0.632

1.014 (0.969 − 1.060)

0.555

  Resistance only

1.031 (0.967 − 1.100)

0.355

1.011 (0.937 − 1.090)

0.784

  Combined

1.040 (0.991 − 1.090)

0.111

1.021 (0.967 − 1.078)

0.446

 Age 50 − 59 years

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.025 (0.972 − 1.081)

0.356

1.002 (0.943 − 1.065)

0.945

  Resistance only

1.055 (0.990 − 1.124)

0.098

1.044 (0.973 − 1.120)

0.231

  Combined

1.084 (1.027 − 1.143)

0.003

1.072 (1.006 − 1.142)

0.031

 Age 60 − 69 years

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.001 (0.910 − 1.101)

0.984

1.015 (0.917 − 1.124)

0.771

  Resistance only

1.074 (0.961 − 1.201)

0.208

1.061 (0.941 − 1.197)

0.335

  Combined

1.200 (1.100 − 1.310)

 < 0.001

1.180 (1.070 − 1.300)

0.001

 Age 70 years and above

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.357 (1.098 − 1.678)

0.005

1.240 (0.991 − 1.551)

0.060

  Resistance only

1.716 (1.385 − 2.126)

 < 0.001

1.459 (1.158 − 1.839)

0.001

  Combined

1.965 (1.597 − 2.417)

 < 0.001

1.664 (1.323 − 2.092)

 < 0.001

Female

 Age 40 − 49 years

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.013 (0.976 − 1.052)

0.499

1.000 (0.961 − 1.040)

0.981

  Resistance only

0.991 (0.913 − 1.074)

0.817

0.996 (0.919 − 1.080)

0.924

  Combined

1.033 (0.980 − 1.089)

0.222

1.022 (0.967 − 1.080)

0.433

 Age 50 − 59 years

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.045 (1.000 − 1.092)

0.052

1.026 (0.973 − 1.081)

0.350

  Resistance only

1.128 (1.063 − 1.198)

 < 0.001

1.116 (1.036 − 1.203)

0.004

  Combined

1.107 (1.048 − 1.171)

 < 0.001

1.112 (1.045 − 1.184)

0.001

 Age 60 − 69 years

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.095 (1.027 − 1.168)

0.005

1.073 (0.994 − 1.159)

0.072

  Resistance only

1.091 (0.978 − 1.218)

0.120

1.115 (0.989 − 1.256)

0.076

  Combined

1.205 (1.107 − 1.313)

 < 0.001

1.188 (1.079 − 1.307)

 < 0.001

 Age 70 years and above

  Neither

1

 

1

 

  Aerobic only

1.291 (1.118 − 1.491)

0.001

1.137 (0.938 − 1.377)

0.190

  Resistance only

1.571 (1.265 − 1.952)

 < 0.001

1.191 (0.884 − 1.603)

0.251

  Combined

1.896 (1.471 − 2.443)

 < 0.001

1.408 (0.953 − 2.079)

0.086

  1. Physical activity guideline adherence categories are composed of four groups: “neither” (Moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA 0–149 min/week and resistance exercise 0–1 sessions/week); “aerobic only” (MVPA ≥ 150 min/week and resistance exercise 0–1 sessions/week); “resistance only” (resistance exercise ≥ 2 sessions/week and MVPA 0–149 min/week); and “combined” (MVPA ≥ 150 min/week and resistance exercise ≥ 2 sessions/week)
  2. aPrevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance
  3. bPrevalence ratio adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus
  4. HGS Handgrip strength, CI Confidence interval
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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