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Table 2 HGS by sex, age group, and physical activity guideline adherence

From: The association of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises with the handgrip strength of middle-aged and elderly Korean adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Sex, age groups

HGS by physical activity guideline adherence category

Male (n = 5646)

Neither (n = 2501)

Aerobic only (n = 1395)

Resistance only (n = 609)

Combined (n = 801)

p value

Age group

40 − 49 years (n = 1368)

42.8 ± 7.2

43.0 ± 6.9

42.9 ± 6.4

43.9 ± 6.8

0.23

50 − 59 years (n = 1378)

40.4 ± 6.3

41.0 ± 6.5

42.0 ± 6.8

41.8 ± 5.8

0.003

60 − 69 years (n = 1323)

36.7 ± 6.5

37.0 ± 6.4

37.6 ± 5.9

39.4 ± 5.5

 < 0.001

70 years and above (n = 1237)

29.7 ± 6.9

31.8 ± 6.9

34.0 ± 6.2

33.9 ± 6.2

 < 0.001

Female (n = 7168)

Neither (n = 3920)

Aerobic only (n = 2002)

Resistance only (n = 404)

Combined (n = 529)

p value

Age group

40 − 49 years (n = 1774)

24.9 ± 4.5

25.7 ± 4.8

25.4 ± 4.7

26.3 ± 4.5

 < 0.001

50 − 59 years (n = 1852)

23.8 ± 4.3

24.3 ± 4.2

24.9 ± 4.1

25.3 ± 4.1

 < 0.001

60 − 69 years (n = 1642)

22.1 ± 4.5

23.0 ± 4.3

23.3 ± 4.0

23.8 ± 3.7

 < 0.001

70 years and above (n = 1587)

18.1 ± 4.5

19.2 ± 4.5

20.2 ± 4.3

21.0 ± 3.4

 < 0.001

  1. Physical activity guideline adherence categories are composed of four groups: “neither” (Moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA 0–149 min/week and resistance exercise 0–1 sessions/week); “aerobic only” (MVPA ≥ 150 min/week and resistance exercise 0–1 sessions/week); “resistance only” (resistance exercise ≥ 2 sessions/week and MVPA 0–149 min/week); and “combined” (MVPA ≥ 150 min/week and resistance exercise ≥ 2 sessions/week). p values were derived using analysis of variance
  2. HGS handgrip strength