Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to frailty status
Variable | Overall (n = 2905) | Robust (n = 1312) | Pre-frail (n = 1366) | Frail (n = 277) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76.0 ± 3.9 | 75.1 ± 3.6 | 76.4 ± 4.0 | 78.6 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
70–74 | 1153 (39.7) | 327 (47.8) | 493 (36.1) | 33 (14.5) | <.001 |
75–79 | 1080 (37.2) | 500 (38.1) | 492 (36.0) | 88 (38.8) | |
80–84 | 672 (23.1) | 158 (14.1) | 381 (27.9) | 106 (46.7) | |
Women | 1524 (52.5) | 618 (47.1) | 777 (56.9) | 129 (56.8) | <.001 |
Low education level (< 7 years) | 1264 (43.5) | 425 (32.4) | 685 (50.1) | 154 (67.8) | <.001 |
No spouse | 948 (32.7) | 363 (27.7) | 490 (36.0) | 94 (41.4) | <.001 |
Residence | |||||
Urban | 821 (28.4) | 443 (34.0) | 346 (25.4) | 32 (14.2) | <.001 |
Suburban | 1250 (43.3) | 562 (43.1) | 592 (43.5) | 96 (42.5) | |
Rural | 818 (28.3) | 298 (22.9) | 422 (31.0) | 98 (43.4) | |
Basic livelihood security and/or medical care aid recipienta | 204 (7.1) | 74 (5.6) | 106 (7.8) | 24 (10.8) | .007 |
Current smoker | 166 (5.7) | 68 (5.2) | 77 (5.6) | 21 (9.3) | .050 |
Alcohol intake (≥ 2-3 time/week) | 518 (17.8) | 267 (20.4) | 213 (15.6) | 38 (16.7) | .005 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.0 | 24.4 ± 2.8 | 24.6 ± 3.1 | 24.3 ± 3.7 | .256 |
Number of comorbidities | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | <.001 |
Comorbidities (≥2 among 13 diseases) | 1578 (54.3) | 622 (47.4) | 816 (59.7) | 138 (60.8) | <.001 |
Mobility disability | 1396 (48.1) | 390 (29.7) | 809 (59.4) | 197 (86.8) | <.001 |
ADL disability (≥1 point) | 61 (2.1) | 11 (0.8) | 27 (2.0) | 23 (10.1) | <.001 |
IADL disability (≥2 points) | 179 (6.2) | 51 (3.9) | 88 (6.4) | 40 (17.6) | <.001 |