Fig. 2

The association between acoustic features and the probability of frailty among older adults (the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of weight [FRAIL] Index and Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS] Index), 2020. Note: Fig. 2a (the FRAIL Index): upper left panel: odds ratio (OR) = 0.941, 95% CI = 0.836–1.058; upper right panel: OR = 1.259^***, 95% CI = 1.110–1.428; lower left panel: OR = 1.037^***, 95% CI = 1.010–1.065; lower right panel: OR = 1.276^**, 95% CI = 1.009–1.612; Fig. 2b (the CHS Index): upper left panel: odds ratio (OR) 0.978, 95% CI = 0.873–1.095; upper right panel: OR 1.248^***, 95% CI = 1.103–1.413; lower left panel: OR 1.035^***, 95% CI = 1.009–1.063; lower right panel: OR 1.249^*, 95% CI = 0.992–1.573. A1: OR for a one-unit change; A2: OR for a 0.1-unit change; A3: OR for a 10-unit change; A4: OR for a 0.1-unit change. All results were based on logistic regression analysis. ^* p < 0.10, ^** p < 0.05, and.^*** p < 0.01