Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression analysis predicting membership of latent classes in older adults (n = 3776)
Variables | Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1: Maintaining robustness (n = 802) | Class 3: Changing from frailty to pre-frailty (n = 303) | Class 1: Maintaining robustness (n = 742) | Class 3: Changing from frailty to pre-frailty (n = 612) | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
Age (years) | 0.959 (0.937–0.982) | 1.050 (1.022–1.078) | 0.971 (0.951–0.991) | 1.037 (1.018–1.057) |
Education | ||||
≥ Middle school | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
< Middle school | 0.576 (0.447–0.742) | 1.532 (1.080–2.173) | 0.730 (0.538–0.990) | 1.479 (0.981–2.229) |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Single/divorced/widowed | 0.770 (0.505–1.172) | 1.976 (1.258–3.102) | 0.772 (0.616–0.966) | 1.178 (0.925–1.500) |
Area of residence | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 1.104 (0.835–1.459) | 1.368 (0.967–1.937) | 0.814 (0.637–1.041) | 1.016 (0.791–1.305) |
Smoking | ||||
Currently non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Current smoker | 0.713 (0.552–0.922) | 0.990 (0.710–1.380) | 0.537 (0.284–1.015) | 1.178 (0.710–1.954) |
Drinking | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.391 (1.096–1.765) | 0.854 (0.625–1.166) | 1.104 (0.801–1.523) | 0.849 (0.597–1.207) |
Regular physical activity | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 0.760 (0.590–0.980) | 1.917 (1.339–2.746) | 0.686 (0.540–0.872) | 1.361 (1.024–1.807) |
Number of chronic diseases (0–10) | 0.966 (0.854–1.094) | 1.313 (1.128–1.528) | 0.913 (0.825–1.010) | 1.097 (0.990–1.215) |
Cognitive function | ||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cognitive dysfunction | 0.653 (0.487–0.876) | 2.002 (1.445–2.773) | 0.540 (0.429–0.679) | 1.379 (1.075–1.770) |
Social contact (1–10) | 1.183 (1.134–1.235) | 0.909 (0.868–0.952) | 1.168 (1.119–1.219) | 0.906 (0.875–0.938) |