Does social participation decrease the risk of frailty? Impacts of diversity in frequency and types of social participation on frailty in middle-aged and older populations

Table 4 The association between frequency and type of SP and frailty based on time-varying Cox regression among respondents frail at baseline (n = 3349)*

	Respondents frail at the baseline
	HR (95%CI)	P value
SP
Occasional	1.02 (0.88, 1.19)	0.763
Weekly	1.13 (0.95, 1.33)	0.157
Daily	1.39 (1.23, 1.57)	< 0.001
IWF
Occasional	1.01 (0.85, 1.19)	0.941
Weekly	1.27 (1.05, 1.53)	0.012
Daily	1.34 (1.18, 1.53)	< 0.001
MCCC
Occasional	1.08 (0.87, 1.35)	0.476
Weekly	1.20 (0.96, 1.50)	0.116
Daily	1.60 (1.29, 1.98)	< 0.001
DFQ
Occasional	1.39 (0.84, 2.29)	0.198
Weekly	0.90 (0.50, 1.64)	0.733
Daily	1.63 (1.27, 2.08)	< 0.001
CRO
Occasional	1.10 (0.62, 1.94)	0.753
Weekly	1.72 (0.92, 3.22)	0.088
Daily	3.06 (1.27, 7.37)	0.013
VOC
Occasional	0.96 (0.8, 1.15)	0.662
Weekly	0.90 (0.65, 1.23)	0.499
Daily	1.09 (0.72, 1.64)	0.689
INT
Occasional	2.39 (1.11, 5.16)	0.027
Weekly	1.60 (0.56, 4.54)	0.380
Daily	0.87 (0.42, 1.80)	0.713

SP Social participation, IWF Interacting with friends, MCCC Playing mah-jong, chess, cards or visiting community clubs, DFQ Going to community-organized dancing, fitness, qigong and so on, CRO Participating in community-related organizations, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence Interval
^*The intensity of each SP type of was set as time-variant exposure. ^“None” group was set as the reference. Age, marital status, hukou status, public health insurance coverage, current work status, alcohol intake, smoking status and household per capita consumption were controlled as time-variant covariates, and gender, education level and rural/urban residence were controlled as fixed covariates

ISSN: 1471-2318