Table 2 Signs and symptoms and other factors included in Decision Support Tools
1. Sepsis | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fever | Temperature (°C): < 36 | Breathlessness | Sat. O2 < 90% | PaCO2 < 32 mmHg | Mechanical ventilation | SBP < 90 mmHg | Mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg | Raised heart rate | WBC > 12,000/μL or < 4000/μL | Glucose 141 to < 200 mg/dL | Tissue perfusion: lactate > 2.0 mmol/L | Altered hepatic system | Altered renal system | Known or suspected source of infection | Total number n= | |||||||
Johansson et al. [29], 2018 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
Gräff et al. [33], 2017 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Walchok et al. [34], 2017 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 9 | ||||||||||||
Amland & Hahn-Cover [37], 2016 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 11 | ||||||||||
Total n= | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
2. Urinary Tract Infection | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Catheter | Acute dysuria | Flank or suprapubic pain | Haematuria | Fever | Urinary urgency/frequency | Urinary incontinence | Mental status change (Delirium) | Rigors | Age | Male | Living in nursing home | Previous antimicrobial therapy | Previous hospitalization | Recurrent UTI | Non-urological invasive procedure | Urethral purulence | Change in urine colour | Decreased intake | Gastrointestinal symptoms | Functional status decrease | Total number n= | |
Pasay et al. [36], 2019 | No-catheter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 7 | |||||||||||||
Catheter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
García-Tello et al. [28], 2018 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Van Buul et al. [25], 2018 | No-catheter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 11 | |||||||||
Catheter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
McMaughan et al. [38], 2016 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 9 | ||||||||||||
Total n= | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
3. Respiratory Tract Infection | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Type of infection | Abnormal swallowing result | Age > 70 years | Albumin < 3,5 g/dL | Chills or sweating | Mental status change (Delirium) | History of pneumonia | NIHSS score | Respiratory rate ≥ 30/min | Sat. O2 < 90% | SBP < 90 mmHg | Temperature > 37 °C | Urine bacteria | Total number n= | |||||||||
Johansson et al. [29], 2018 | Severe respiratory infection | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Matsusaka et al. [26], 2018 | Pneumonia | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Afonso et al. [31], 2012 | Influenza | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Chumbler et al. [32], 2010 | Post-stroke pneumonia | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Total n= | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||