Table 1 Baseline characteristics based on sarcopenia/obesity status
Variables | Non-sarcopenia/Non-obesity n = 456 | Non-sarcopenia/Obesity n = 173 | Sarcopenia/Non-obesity n = 119 | Sarcopenia/Obesity n = 31 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 81 [74–86] | 79 [72–85] | 82 [76–86] | 84 [80–88] | 0.003 |
Male sex (%) | 238 (52) | 101 (58) | 81 (68) | 27 (87) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.7 ± 2.7 | 25.7 ± 3.6 | 18.1 ± 2.4 | 21.6 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Body fat mass (%) | 23.6 ± 7.5 | 36.7 ± 7.6 | 21.4 ± 7.2 | 35.1 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
ASMI (kg/m2) | 7.24 [6.47–8.20] | 7.66 [7.02–8.61] | 6.04 [5.48–6.55] | 6.02 [5.37–6.62] | < 0.001 |
NYHA class III/IV (%) | 54 (12) | 20 (12) | 13 (11) | 3 (10) | 0.998 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 167 | 115 ± 16 | 112 ± 16 | 112 ± 14 | 0.086 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 63 ± 11 | 64 ± 10 | 60 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | 0.027 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 70 ± 14 | 71 ± 15 | 72 ± 13 | 69 ± 18 | 0.680 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 46 ± 16 | 46 ± 17 | 45 ± 18 | 43 ± 18 | 0.585 |
Comorbidities (%) | |||||
 Atrial fibrillation | 202 (44) | 88 (51) | 45 (38) | 15 (48) | 0.163 |
 Coronary artery disease | 148 (33) | 70 (41) | 40 (34) | 8 (26) | 0.202 |
 COPD | 43 (9) | 24 (14) | 16 (13) | 7 (23) | 0.071 |
 Diabetes | 138 (30) | 81 (47) | 39 (33) | 9 (29) | 0.001 |
 Hypertension | 323 (71) | 136 (79) | 78 (66) | 24 (77) | 0.073 |
 Physical frailty by Fried criteria | 219 (51) | 84 (52) | 82 (71) | 22 (76) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data at discharge | |||||
 Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.8 ± 2.0 | 12.3 ± 2.1 | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 12.6 ± 2.5 | 0.004 |
 Haematocrit (%) | 36.2 ± 5.9 | 37.8 ± 6.0 | 36.6 ± 5.8 | 38.2 ± 7.1 | 0.012 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 0.043 |
 ALT (U/L) | 16 [11–24] | 17 [11–25] | 17 [11–28] | 14 [11–20] | 0.516 |
 AST (U/L) | 22 [17–29] | 22 [17–28] | 23 [17–31] | 21 [16–26] | 0.529 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.30 ± 0.71 | 1.45 ± 0.72 | 1.29 ± 0.66 | 1.36 ± 0.64 | 0.080 |
 BUN (mg/dL) | 25 [19–33] | 26 [19–36] | 26 [20–37] | 28 [19–35] | 0.326 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 56 ± 22 | 50 ± 20 | 56 ± 21 | 54 ± 19 | 0.016 |
 BNP (pg/mL) | 262 [129–460] | 234 [102–509] | 284 [168–560] | 325 [153–461] | 0.171 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165 ± 39 | 153 ± 34 | 159 ± 33 | 170 ± 40 | 0.003 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50 ± 15 | 45 ± 13 | 49 ± 15 | 49 ± 14 | 0.008 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 92 ± 38 | 102 ± 44 | 88 ± 41 | 109 ± 64 | 0.004 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 96 ± 32 | 87 ± 30 | 92 ± 31 | 100 ± 35 | 0.024 |
 Sodium (mEq/L) | 140 ± 3 | 140 ± 4 | 137 ± 4 | 139 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
 Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.693 |
Prescription at discharge (%) | |||||
 ACE-I/ARB | 307 (67) | 133 (77) | 81 (68) | 20 (65) | 0.115 |
 Beta-blocker | 324 (71) | 135 (78) | 94 (79) | 23 (74) | 0.168 |
 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 44 (10) | 14 (8) | 7 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.395 |
 Loop diuretics | 258 (57) | 105 (61) | 69 (58) | 19 (61) | 0.795 |